2016 Mar;19(4):585-92. doi: 10.1017/S1368980015002025. https://doi.org/10.1080/03323315.2018.1465839, Dunne, J. $% ! In P. Atkinson, S. Delamont, A. Cernat, J.W. At this point, the researcher moves from permanent to immanent inquiries. IvyPanda. According to Dunne (2003). doi: 10.1111/josi.12555. Stories of experience and narrative inquiry. 4th ed. Gn:Ul"cDkr'rGq/aQQd.OF^Lpg=hIX&j# N.;2d;8@.7 pKQ3,_8w One of the many types of statistical summarization would be helpful to readers. Nurse Res. This model is selected to support how placing strengths into storylines might Trahar S. Beyond the story itself: narrative inquiry and autoethnography in intercultural research in higher education [41 paragraphs]. 2022 Nov 17:1-18. doi: 10.1007/s10459-022-10183-x. This is IvyPanda's free database of academic paper samples. Also, it is important to keep in mind that no contradictions or arguments should be encouraged by the questions. The main distinctive feature of a narrative interview is that it encourages the informant to share some crucial happenings of their life and the social context within which these events occurred. Faced with uncertainty and doubt, readers nonetheless must form an impression of the evidence and synthesize the state of knowledge in order to address the clinical or research question that stimulated their interest in the review. % Focus groups can be used where the focus is a small group or community. Some endeavors in this direction have already been made by scholars. Oxford University Press. 2005;7(3):16788. First, the applied doctoral manuscript narrative inquiry researcher should recognize that they are earning a practical/professional based doctorate (Doctor of Education), rather than a research doctorate such as a Ph.D. Herman D. Basic elements of narrative. The first comprehensive and interdisciplinary overview of the developing methodology of narrative inquiry. 2009;103(2):6971. Thus, if the experience is analyzed purposely, it can have an educational effect (Lindsay & Schwind, 2016). During the research process, the researcher and Context: Narrative research, an inclusive term for a range of methodologies, has rapidly become part of medical education scholarship. Narrative inquiry can reveal unique perspectives and deeper understanding of a situation. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. 2nd ed. Bleakley A. %PDF-1.4 The lived experience of homeless youth: A narrative approach. Learn More about Embedding icon link (opens in new window). Research on co-management, stakeholder participation and social learning has shown that social relations emerge through collaborative partnerships based on communication and knowledge exchange (Lumosi et al., 2019; Sandstrm et al., 2014; Teodoro et al., 2021).Studies show that the frequency of What is the lived experience of a home carer for a terminal cancer patient? Neither the systematic reviews with their narrow scope nor the narrative reviews with their individuality can satisfy the range of topics for review. endobj Your privacy is extremely important to us. "Narrative Inquiry as a Research Design." The first one is a single one-to-one meeting between the interviewer and the respondent. 2012;24(1):5365. The method originated in 1990 and was introduced by Connelly and Clandinin (Lindsay & Schwind, 2016). 695 0 obj <>/Encrypt 667 0 R/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<63415CD72F638B4CB8B6FE886C64F541><67EE51116463B14786B1EAC7C2E04CDA>]/Index[666 59]/Info 665 0 R/Length 120/Prev 616942/Root 668 0 R/Size 725/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream The persistence of memory: using narrative picturing to co-operatively explore life stories in qualitative inquiry. Connelly FM, Clandinin DJ. Retrieved from, Padgett, D. (2012). An infusion of systematic review methods would strengthen narrative reviews and in turn systematic reviews could benefit from the presentation strengths of narrative reviews. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Figure 1. The trustworthiness of results is the bedrock of high-quality qualitative research. WebAn in-depth analysis of five craftartists using narrative research methods as a model ofthe analysis for the systematic study of life stories and identity. The mandate of Human Reproduction Update involves several roles: (i) to provide a synthesis of evidence that can aid scientists and clinicians in their daily work; Ntinda K. Constructing a framework for use of psychometric tests in schools: a consumer-oriented approach. WebPharma Market Research Conference PMRC starts today! (2017). The reason for this is sampling should be terminated when no new information is forthcoming, which is a common strategy in qualitative studies known as sampling to the point of redundancy. Research shows that elaboration at the time of learning such as fact sharing and conversations enhance the retrieval of information at a later date. Permission may be need from not only the NU Institutional Review Board (IRB), but also the study site. Keep in mind that by and large practical and professional benefits that arise from a narrative inquiry study revolve around exploring the lived experiences of educators, education administrators, students, and parents or guardians. Muylaert, Sarubbi, Gallo, Neto, and Reis (2014) remark that narrations help to make research more profound due to the combination of personal life stories with socio-historical backgrounds. Member Checking is recommended. You would think an essay that is supposed to be something personal and endearing would be easy to do, but I always get stumped when writing about myself. 2007 Mar;14(1):35-41. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1800.2007.00350.x. Qualitative and mixed methods in public health. A systematic review may include a meta-analysis or statistical summary of the individual study results: the aggregate of effects from several studies yields an average treatment effect that is more precise than the individual study results (Schlesselman and Collins, 2003). Narrative Research One of qualitative researchs strengths lies in its ability to tell a story, often from the perspective of those directly involved in it. 2 0 obj Purposive sampling is the most often used in narrative inquiry studies. Still, the method is regarded as highly helpful, and correct preparation may eliminate the negative issues. This entry contains a summary of the key concepts of narrative analysis, the approaches to using narrative inquiry as a qualitative communication research method. Narrative inquiry: Experience matters. Please log in from an authenticated institution or log into your member profile to access the email feature. Approximately 3,600 TESOL members and 1,700 academic institutions subscribe to TQ. During the fourth phase, the researcher can ask only one question, which involves encouraging the speaker to continue the narration. True, one may approach the study Chronology is often important in narrative studies, as it allows participants to recall specific places, situations, or changes within their life history. (2503473076). The purpose of a field study is to have a panel of experts in the profession of the study review the research protocol and interview questions to ensure they align to the purpose statement and research questions. %%EOF WebJohn Hattie as cited by Drew (2011) identifies eight key qualities that exceptional teachers possess, including; student initiated learning, empathy, warmth, encouragement of higher-order thinking, encouraging learning, adapting to differences, genuineness, and learner-centered beliefs (p.86). Sign in here to access your reading lists, saved searches and alerts. Human beings live lives that are shaped by their experiences within personal, familial, social, institutional, professional, linguistic, cultural, and historical narratives. Narrative inquiry: seeking relations as modes of interactions. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum; 2006. p. 47787. Francis, M. (2018). 2017;4:4350. There are several advantages of using storytelling as a core method of data collection for such a theme. 2012;12(271):211. Chichester: Wiley-Balckwell; 2009. Solution. By continuing to use this site you consent to receive cookies. (2018). For example, the study may involve teachers or college faculty that the researcher will want to interview in order to obtain their stories. 2000;23(1):13556. 2008;2(40):407. 5fc>[x xhh~eNp{! Craig C, Huber J. Relational reverberation: shaping and reshaping narrative inquires in the midst of storied lives and contexts. <> Currently, progress in reproductive medicine depends primarily on knowledge of developments in molecular biology, genetics and pharmacology. This general concept is refined into the view that education and educational research is the construction and reconstruction of personal and social stories; learners, teachers, and researchers are storytellers and characters in their own and other's stories. J Psychol Afr. Narrative inquiry records the experiences of an individual or small group, revealing the lived experience or particular perspective of that individual, usually primarily The choices that the reviewer makes to address the variable conditions and uncertainties may be conservative, strict and exclusive, or liberal, open and inclusive. 2022 Oct 5;19(19):12752. doi: 10.3390/ijerph191912752. They are a means of collecting people's own stories about their government site. Learning and Teaching Narrative Inquiry by Sheila Trahar (Editor) In the final chapter of this volume, the authors refer to the "pedagogical vantage points offered by narrative inquiry", an apt comment that encapsulates the volume's purpose and its spirit. Ellis C, Bochner AP. Institutional Educational Studies, 37(2), 175-189. https://doi.org/10.1080/03323315.2018.1465839. Headquartered in Alexandria, Virginia USA, TESOL has more than 13,500 members from 140 countries. In doing so, this chapter provides illustrative examples applying narrative-oriented approaches to research in the health and social sciences. London: SAGE Publications Ltd. Part of Springer Nature. The narrative interview is composed of several stages, each of them having specific importance to the process. Online ahead of print. Authors could arrange the subject matter in a series of objective questions, each section based on specified procedures for search, relevance and validity and tied to other sections by appropriate descriptive links. Lifekills and career counselling. WebNarrative Inquiry provides both a new theoretical orientation and a set of practical techniques that students and experienced researchers can use to conduct narrative research. For example, Probert (2006) was trying to choose one well-established qualitative methodology in her research project. 2007 Aug;29(4):353-60 Jeon YH, Kraus SG, Jowsey T, Glasgow NJ. (2020, December 10). Connelly FM, Clandinin DJ. Urban Agriculture as a Means to Food Sovereignty? While systematic reviews are more appropriate for focused topics and traditional narrative reviews are better suited to comprehensive topics, either approach can be adapted to clinical or scientific subjects. Phenomenol Cogn Sci. This essay reviews the development of narrative approaches within psychology and applies this to the growing literature base that recognises the key role narrative can play in supporting pro-environmental research and, more specifically, in understanding the behaviour of people. Hence, a qualitative study conducted by Russ (1999) was explored as an exemplar study In: Clandinin DJ, editor. 2007;31(3):459472. a. Creswell JW. What is a Qualitative Narrative Inquiry Design? 3 0 obj Chin Nurs Res. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you Core story creation: analysing narratives to construct stories for learning. 10 December. 2009; Drew, , 2007; Floersch, Longhofer, Kranke, & Townsend, 2010). In contrast, the rigour of a systematic review is needed for effectiveness of diagnostic and treatment interventions and for the outcomes of natural and therapeutic exposures, including adverse events and costs. December 10, 2020. https://ivypanda.com/essays/narrative-inquiry-as-a-research-design/. Narrative therapy as career counselling. Haydon, G., Browne, G., & van der Riet, P. (2018). New York: Elsevier; in press. 2013;11(2):92104. Lack of relevance limited stakeholder engagement When working on the applied doctoral manuscript keep the focus on the professional and practical benefits that could arise from your study. TESOL-Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages-is the acronym that refers to the professional association, the profession, Sandton: Heinemann; 2002. p. 12938. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 30. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0901308. 2010;20(1):20424. Extensive time in the field (can use Zoom) is spent with participant(s) to gather stories through multiple types of information including, field notes, observations, photos, artifacts, etc. The impact of COVID-19 and housing insecurity on lower-income Black women. Handbook of qualitative research. Webethnography, narrative research, or case study (Creswell, 2009). Webshould be noted. Autoethnography, personal narrative, reflexivity: researcher as subject. Spector-Mersel G. Narrative research: time for the paradigm. (2003). Thus, rather than discount the possibilities of combining what may appear to be distinct and incompatible approaches to qualitative research, we feel it is important to examine this trend more thoughtfully. Long-term knowledge retention. A Case Study of Baltimore City Residents. Caine, V., Estefan, A. and Clandinin, D. J., 2019. Writing@CSU. Qualitative Health Research, 26(13), 1802-1811. http://dx.doi.org./10.1177/1049732316654870. In: Maree K, Ebersohn L, editors. Riessman CK, Quinney L. Narrative in social work: a critical review. hbbd```b``.d8dsoNElJv0BEd"LBV9U ), SAGE Research Methods Foundations. Perceptions of resiliency and coping: Homeless young adults speak out. <>/MediaBox[0 0 595 842]/Rotate 0>> Pretoria: Van Schaik; 2007. p. 719. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Nurse Res. Strategy is a moving target, developing or reviewing your strategy should be done regularly. Narrative research falls within the realm of social constructivism or the philosophy that peoples lived stories capture the complexities and nuanced understanding of their significant experiences. The Narrative Inquiry we use originated from Connelly and Clandinin in the 1990s, and rests on John Deweys philosophy that experience is relational, temporal, and situational, and as such, if intentionally explored, has the potential to be educational. Institutional storytelling and personal narratives: reflecting on the value of narrative inquiry. Disability and Rehabilitation, 40(17), 2093-2097. doi:10.1080/09638288.2017.1323234, Liamputtong, P. (2009). Using patients experiences to identify priorities for quality improvement in breast cancer care: patient narratives, surveys or both? 2008;18(2):31723. Writing@CSU. Illness and autobiographical work: dialogue as narrative destabilization. 2007;197208. Narrative inquiry is relatively new among the qualitative research designs compared to qualitative case study, phenomenology, ethnography, and grounded theory. Member checking: A tool to enhance trustworthiness or merely a nod to validation? Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies But sometimes youre not part of the story: oral histories and ways of remembering and telling. Maree JG, Ebershn L, Biagione-Cerone A. The third method presupposes more than one interviewer (Haydon, Browne, & van der Riet, 2018). For whom the school bell toll: conflicting voices inside an alternative high school. Another challenge is that misunderstanding and misinterpretations can occur during the interview. It is a methodology in which the researcher attempts to illuminate the meanings of personal stories and events. The decisions made by the reviewer may not be consistent throughout and these choices may or may not satisfy the reader who seeks out the review to address a clinical or research question. Narrative inquiry is based on John Deweys philosophy which presupposes that experience is situational, temporal, and relational. Sakshaug, & R.A. Williams (Eds. Understanding that their intentions in narrative inquiry are not to generate singular truth allows narrative inquirers to carefully consider what they represent in research texts. One theory in educational research holds that humans are storytelling organisms who, individually and socially, lead storied lives. WebNarrative inquiry as a research methodology is defined by Connelly and Clandinin (2006): Arguments for the development and use of narrative inquiry come out of a view of degree. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Another study focused on the mental mechanisms of coping has been performed by Thompson et al. WebThe article suggests that though narrative inquiry as a research methodology entails free conversations and personal stories, yet it should not be totally free and fictional as it has to conform to some recognized standards used for conducting educational research. All of the mentioned studies are related to the chosen topic of interest to some extent. J Psychol Afr. Narrative inquiry: experience and story in qualitative research. Handbook of complementary methods in education research. WebThe following model in Figure 1 summarizes the strengths and weaknesses of qualitative research methodology. J Soc Issues. We learn this through a close examination of how people talk about events and whose perspectives they draw on to make sense of such events. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Narrative inquirers understand lives as always in the midst, always in motion, which has significant implications for the ways in which they represent their work. 724 0 obj <>stream According to Kim (2016), the premise of narrative thinking comprises of three components, the storytellers narrative schema, his or her prior knowledge and experience, and cognitive strategies-yields a story that facilitates an understanding of the others and oneself in relation to others. Bochner AP. As other examples, it would be burdensome to apply systematic methods to a survey on aneuploidy and fertility in the aging female or to an assessment of mouse knockout models and polycystic ovarian phenotype. Kim SK, Park M. Effectiveness of person-centered care on people with dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dewey, J. Kean, B., Oprescu, F., Gray, M., & Burkett, B. 2016;12(10):11726. Explain the dilemma at hand in its different dimensions and causes Assess your actors existing attempts and general capacity to respond to the dilemma (strengths and weaknesses). Web2.1.Actor-actor relationships and narrative congruence. Soc Sci Med. Narrative inquiry and the study of collaborative branding activity. 2020. f =z4N]:O_|Gjy Zq';ZawNH2tVk&2I2]7lX.N(;tm Handbook of Research Methods in Health Social Sciences, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5251-4_79, Shipping restrictions may apply, check to see if you are impacted, http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0901308, Reference Module Humanities and Social Sciences, Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. Arguing for teaching as a practice: A reply to Alasdair Macintyre. Thirdly, storytelling offers a high degree of openness and reliability in case all the phases of the interview are arranged properly. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2010. What distinguishes narrative inquiry is it beings with the biographical aspect of C. Wright Mills trilogy of biography, history, and society(OTolle, 2018). Williams and Baumgartner (2014) have concentrated on community work with homeless youth and its effect on the populations mental state. Ollerenshaw, J. IvyPanda. Standing on the shoulders of giants: Narrative practices in support of frontline community work with homelessness, mental health, and substance use. Frank AW. Jeong-Hee Kim discusses narrative methods [Video]. Therefore, the prospective topic is Using the narrative approach to analyzing the psychological problems of homeless youth.. Frank AW. The choice is more open for many other scientific and clinical topics. 0 WebNarrative inquiry is a form of qualitative research in which the stories themselves become the raw data. The strengths of the systematic review include the narrow focus of the question, the comprehensive search for evidence, the criterion-based selection of relevant evidence, the rigorous appraisal of validity, the objective or quantitative summary, and the evidence-based inferences (Cook et al., 1997). Therefore, it is necessary to develop research in this direction. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. The interviewer should not ask any attitude or opinion queries. In: Green JL, Camilli G, Elmore P, editors. The most commonly accepted definition of narrative inquiry is that it is a way of understanding experience. Caine, Vera, Andrew Estefan, and D. J. Clandinin. 28263106). Also the excessive concentration in systematic reviews on odds ratios and relative risks is anachronistic, now that absolute differences and numbers needed to treat are the preferred measures of treatment effects (Sackett and Cook, 1994). and the field itself. Narrative inquiry: theory and practice. WebThe following model in Figure 1 summarizes the strengths and weaknesses of qualitative research methodology. Ethical futures in qualitative research: decolonizing the politics of knowledge. Why study peoples stories? It contains thousands of paper examples on a wide variety of topics, all donated by helpful students. Literature reviews may also formulate questions for further research and inquiry. Namely, it would be highly interesting to investigate the mental problems of homeless youth by employing narrations. WebPersonal Narrative Essay 2 This is something I have done a lot; writing essays about myself. https://doi.org/10.1177/2057158516675217. Kim JH, Latta MM. Ethnography, Observational Research, and Narrative Inquiry. PubMedGoogle Scholar. - 172.104.178.68. Rhodes C, Brown AD. 1938. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Through the attention to methods for analyzing and understanding stories lived and told, it can be connected and placed under the label of qualitative research methodology. These questions are the ones referring to research questions that develop from ones approach to the study and the analysis of literature (Muylaert et al., 2014). The database is updated daily, so anyone can easily find a relevant essay example. We argue that the reader is better served when the choices made in the review, regardless of whether they are strict or open, should be explicit, transparent, clearly stated and reproducible by interested readers. Narrative Inquiry, In P. Atkinson, S. Delamont, A. Cernat, J.W. Kim J. H. (2017). Educ Res. Writing with invisible ink: narrative, confessionalism and reflective practice. For example, the historical review is an irreplaceable means of tracing the development of a scientific principle or clinical concept, but the narrative thread could be lost in the strict rules of systematic review. FREE PDFill PDF and Image Writer https://doi.org/10.4135/9781526421036771087. h]g&'Z@Ni$syn1v`-;t)w(P@65dq Gibson M. Narrative practice and social work education: using a narrative approach in social work practice education to develop struggling social work students. dL\$A?0'.h8wgMBtQh In the context of the health, social sciences, and education, narrative research is both a data gathering and interpretive or analytical framework. 2006;28(1):123. The second way involves multiple sessions for collecting more data. membership is a diverse mix of teachers, researchers, administrators, material writers, and curriculum developers whose primary SAGE Research Methods. 2023 Feb 5;20(4):2820. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20042820. Narrative Inquiry as a Research Design. We briefly summarise how narrative Narrative researchers look for ways to understand and then present real-life experiences through the stories of the In-depth, semi-structured interviews are the norm. 2000;29(2):1627. TESOL Quarterly (TQ) is one of the most respected publications in second and foreign language teaching, with an annual acceptance rate of 8% of all article submissions. Secondly, this vulnerable population group is not likely to share personal experiences and perceptions easily. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall; 2012. What is it like to live with cerebral palsy? In: Clandinin DJ, editor. 4 Mar 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781526421036771087, Caine, Vera, Andrew EstefanD. Central to each narrative inquiry is the ongoing engagement between researchers and participants; this is visible in narrative inquirers commitment to co-compositions. In: Clandinin DJ, editor. Reveals in-depth detail of a situation or life experience. Web2.1.Actor-actor relationships and narrative congruence. This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. In: Denzin NK, Lincoln YS, editors. Educational Researcher, 19(5), 214. Concepts: In this paper we identify narrative inquiry as a particular theoretical and methodological framework within narrative research and outline its characteristics. In this respect, scholars point out the distinction between the composition and description of narrative approaches. endstream endobj startxref Available at: [Accessed 4 Mar 2023]. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. Riessman CK. Thousand Oaks: Sage; 2000. p. 73368. <>stream BMC Health Serv Res. Ellis C, Bochner AP. Eloff I. Disclaimer. Each of the approaches requires thorough reparation, but the one involving several interviewers is the most difficult since it demands extremely cautious collaboration. Inferences would adhere to the cited evidence and abstain from opinion. 3rd ed. focus is on enhancing English language learning, whether it is English as a second language (ESL) or English as a foreign Caine, Vera, et al.. "Narrative Inquiry" SAGE Research Methods Foundations, Edited by Paul Atkinson, et al. Connelly, F. M., & Clandinin, D. J. Shaping the story: a guide to facilitating narrative counselling. Thousand Oaks: Sage; 2007. p. 25179. New York: Collier. ensure the integrity of our platform while keeping your private information safe. In our recent paper in Nature Ecology and Evolution, we highlight 8 common problems with traditional literature review methods, provide examples for each from the field of environmental management and ecology, and provide practical solutions for ways to mitigate them. x\v+fhW;/K9|(")j"FP])Y][x+mWuhVWoONJy?]}u:+e*[^UuV JY[5zhUyV'_nuxZfkVv}_^VqaT]v/7[;9_@ {smgq*o^6[_:[uU=}3y|/ok_SdM2uwlMa/g6Z~#`le))_OtV]cYhWWubm^mUS9=wkTU[svrx1F:|ve^i'7BIiA^:(J5.NjG)@kY;G!+A=|R6Trou~}/6*mv]Y@7{h@rj^s jvB6wD^mHvOlckf|uqFwz]k]_Ow>8jGNN>p{;x2 =K2 The second aim examines the 2002;1(1):10917. Field Test is strongly recommended. CrossRef Cline, J. M. (2020). Appel D, Papaikonomou M. Narratives on death and bereavement from three South African cultures: an exploratory study. Narrative research was considered a way to democratise the documentation and lived experience of a wider gamut of society. Restorying is the process of gathering stories, analyzing themes for key elements (e.g., time, place, plot, and environment) and then rewriting the stories to place them within a chronological sequence (Ollerenshaw & Creswell, 2002). must. Need a custom Essay sample written from scratch by Collegian, 25(1), 125-129. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 24(4), 339-360. Sch Inq Nurs Pract. Savin-Baden M, Niekerk LV. During the research process, the researcher and participant work Denzin NK, Lincoln Y. (2014). Online ahead of print. Soc Res. Qualitative research methods. Copyright 2023 - IvyPanda is operated by, Service Strategy and Innovation Alignment: Study Critique, Digital Storytelling for Learning English, Three Ways of Collecting Data with the Help of Narrative Inquiry, Benefits and Limitations of Narrative Research, An Overview of the Research Topic of Interest, Digital Storytelling and Augmented Reality, Interviewer Performance During Healthcare Research, Research Nature, Inquiry, Data, Hypotheses, Method, Academic Productivity and Research Impact, Social Capital and Its Quantitative Measurement, Ethics and Human Subjects Study Methodology. Although it is not possible to reach the full reliability of the information obtained through storytelling, it is quite achievable to eliminate the likelihood of bias by using effective precautions. 8600 Rockville Pike The effect of narrative career facilitation on the personal growth of a disadvantaged student a case study. Educational research: planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative. Tips for Using Narrative Inquiry in an Applied Manuscript, Summary of the Elements of a Qualitative Narrative Inquiry Design, http://dx.doi.org./10.1177/1049732316654870, https://doi.org/10.1080/03323315.2018.1465839, https://www-doi-org.proxy1.ncu.edu/10.4135/9781473985179. endstream Narrative Inquiry as a Research Design. Narrative interviews can help researchers to better understand people's experiences and behaviours.