High metabolic rate C. Require continuous supplies of glucose and oxygen D. Extreme longevity E. No exceptions; all of these are characteristic of neurons. Neurons synapse with: a. other neurons b. muscles c. glands d. all of these. Integrate. Experts are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area. c. neurons. B) Ions always move passively across membranes. The patient has a polymorphism that slow metabolism of a drug. Expert Answer. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease in which the myelin sheaths are destroyed. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Neuroglia that control the chemical environment around neurons by buffering potassium and recapturing neurotransmitters are _____., Which of the following is not a function of the autonomic nervous system? 67. This results in increased speed of impulse propagation. a. midbrain. b. thalamus. If a drug severely depressed the functioning of the medulla, which of the following might be C. Skeletal muscles are responsible for the pumping action of the heart. Efferent neurons are ___ neurons carrying impulses to the muscles. What type of motor neuron stimulates skeletal muscle fibers to contract by the excitation contraction mechanism? B) short distance depolarization ependymal cells____ help to circulate the cerebrospinal fluid: which of the following is an excitatory nerotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal muscles? A) sodium b. transcription factors. The axon c. The dendrites d. The Nissl bodies. cells would most likely be responsible? b. expect to find increased blood flow. O They generate very fast O They are long when compared to other cells in the body O They help carry oxygen to different body parts O They do not have a nucleus. 2 introduce new . Its axon, the postganglionic axon, extends to the effector organ. Select the correct statement regarding synapses. the somatic nervous system. D) nitric oxide, Which of the following describes the excitatory postsynaptic potential? a. kg 1), . d. prefrontal cortex. Events that occur during synaptic activity are listed here, but they are arranged in an incorrect order. c. Extrapyramidal System Learn about the neuron diagram, structure, and function. (1991) finds that the CA1 neuron exhibits trains of action potentials when a small current (< 1 nA) is applied to the soma, but a full calcium spike and burst followed by trains of action potentials when the same small current is applied to . a) The preganglionic neuron (sometimes called the ganglionic neuron), is the first motor neuron. What function is served by the increased axon diameter at the nodes of Ranvier? D) The synaptic cleft prevents an impulse from being transmitted directly from one neuron to another. What are the properties of myelinated axons which makes them ideal for long-distance motor control of skeletal muscle? 33. B) cholinesterase D) They can be called postsynaptic potentials. Specifically, combination therapy (simultaneous use of customized sub-perception field and paresthesia-based SCS) versus monotherapy (paresthesia-based SCS) was evaluated. a. Ans: they are mitotic Unli . If a motor neuron in the body were stimulated by an electrode placed about midpoint along the length of the axon ________. the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. True or False, Some neurotransmitters can be either excitatory or inhibitory depending upon the receptor. Which of the following plays an integral role in saltatory conduction? Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with an increasing worldwide prevalence. Which nervous system subdivision is a chain of two motor neurons consisting of a preganglionic and a postganglionic neuron? a. corpus callosum. This is an example of: d. Sensory efferent neurons po. Ganglia are on or near the target organ. However, the neuron in question does not transmit an impulse. ce3z/(4zi)3dz. C) action potential An experimental drug that reduces the release of chemicals that inhibit axon growth may: 57. c. Myelination D) found in the retina of the eye, Which of the following is an excitatory neurotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal muscle? D) Ions always move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, A second nerve impulse cannot be generated until ________. If a neuroscientist described a structure as more lateral to a particular area, this means that: Select the correct statement regarding synapses. c. The person would later be unable to recall events that took place for some period of time after Which of the following is an excitatory neurotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal muscle? As you start working out, you notice that your heart rate and breathing rate start to increase. 12. What are the different types of motor neurons? 3. D) innervation of skeletal muscle, Collections of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system are called ________. A. Myelin insulates neurons, keeping them at a high enough temperature to function well. What two physiological characteristics are highly developed in the neurons? A) cholinesterase D) stimulate the production of acetylcholine, Which of the following is not a function of the autonomic nervous system? The part of a neuron that conducts impulses away from its cell body is called a(n) ________. a. regenerating axons may be unable to regain previous connections through the site of injury. 1.Sensory. Sensory and motor divisions. d. gyri. b. hypothalamus. a. visual information. Which nerve cells carry impulses from the brain to the muscles? The landscaping business for the area totaled about$1,340,000 for the year. a) Myelinated axons transmit nerve impulses via continuous conduction. It is concluded that motor and sensory axons have a different substrate preference at early postnatal stages but this difference is lost in the adult. Identify the following: Acetylcholinesterase would be found in the synapse between neurons for this branch of the ANS and the effector cells. alternations to DNA sequences? B) They can form on receptor endings. c. Transcription factors B) voltage-gated channel Site of mRNA translation for proteins of the axolemma c. Axon fibres are covered by a white sheath called myelin. Just what does pass from the neuron to the muscle cells and, Which neuroglial cell type in the CNS is associated with many functions including support for neurons, forming a blood-brain barrier, secretion of neurotrophic factors, and uptake of K+ and neurotransmitters? c. Activation of preganglionic parasympathetic neurons Unipolar,Bipolar,Multipolar. a. astrocytes play a role in neurotransmission. innervation of glands. b. increasing glial scarring. a. Amygdala Which statement is true? Cerebrospinal is located in the following structures except: Anatomy and Physiology questions and answers. b. c. Motor neurons. b. cholinesterase. c. they form an insulating material around axons. Which of the following is not characteristic of neurons? a. microglial cells. d. Nuclei. Current flows continuously, Local current flows a. synapses. Which of the following is not characteristic of neurons? Preganglionic neurons are short and synapse in ganglia located near the spinal cord. Which of the following is not a characteristic of neurons? D. axon hillock. C) oligodendrocytes New three-photon miniature microscopes open the study of neuronal networks to those deep in the brains of behaving animals. The nervous system most dominant while relaxing is the: depolarized to c. Motor efferent neurons possess long dendrites and short axons. B) A nerve impulse occurs if the excitatory and inhibitory effects are equal. Which of the following is an excitatory neurotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal muscle? Estimate the number of moles of Ar in a typical lightbulb. Select the correct statement about serial processing. Imagine a neuron that has several hundred axonal knobs impinging on it. C) calcium d. the hypothalamus. (c) They have an exceptionally high metabolic rate. D) glial cell, Saltatory conduction is made possible by ________. A) Group C fibers are not capable of saltatory conduction. D) astrocytes, What does the central nervous system use to determine the strength of a stimulus? A) a change in sodium ion permeability D) voltage regulated repolarization, Neuroglia that control the chemical environment around neurons by buffering potassium and recapturing neurotransmitters are ________. A drug that caused someone to make a reckless decision might be affecting the: Motor has two divisions: the somatic and autonomic. b. cerebellum. B) muscle contraction would occur. Expert Answer. d. reduce cortical arousal. The characteristics that vary on a continuum among people, such as height, skin color, or intelligence, are most likely determined by polygenic inheritance. What is the role of calcium in synaptic activity? A) innervation of smooth muscle of the digestive tract Schwann cells are functionally similar to ________. a. Functional genomics Strong stimuli cause the amplitude of action potentials generated to increase. a. Astrocytes a. basal ganglia a. increase the activity of reactive astrocytes. a. medulla. A) Sensory neuron B) Motor neuron C) Interneuron D) All of the above. 4. a. it provides a protective cushion for the brain. b. cause inattention. a. messenger ribonucleic acid. Which of the following is not found in the limbic system? D) positively charged and contains more sodium. What is the long outgrowth of a neuron along which electrical impulses are transmitted? c. working memory. certain disorder would most likely investigate which of the following? When a sensory neuron is excited by some form of energy, the resulting graded potential is called a(n) ________. In the discussion section the authors wrote "In this study, we observed that different paradigms of tES application could ameliorate motor function impairments in ICH induced by collagenase administration into the striatum of rats.". 13. C. They are mitotic. A) They increase amplitude as they move away from the stimulus point. c. basal ganglia. a. meninges. b. M3 Touch stimulation of this sensory receptor will open the mechanically gated ion channels, but action potentials are still not initiated because propagation of an action potential requires the opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels. (a) microglia (b) oligodendrocytes (c) ependymal cells (d) astrocytes. C ) brain and spinal cord. In each of the following sentences, circle the phrase following the subject. c. hippocampus. a. Image credit: iStockphoto. Identify the neuron type described: Two neuron types whose cell bodies are in the spinal cord (CNS). group cfibers are not capable of salatory conduction. What is the function of upper motor neurons? a. Microglial cell activation Neurons are found across the body but are most numerous in the brain. c. The output (. d. inferior colliculus. In what way does the interior surface of a cell membrane of a resting (nonconducting) neuron differ from the external environment? b) Myelinated axons transmit nerve impulses in the same manner as unmyelinated axons. Myelination of the nerve fibers in the central nervous system is the job of the oligodendrocyte. d) There, In order for skeletal muscle cells to contract, they must be excited by motor neurons. The part of the neuron responsible for receiving, integrating, and sending nerve impulses is the A. dendrite. What are the advantages and disadvantages of Europe's communications systems? Large-diameter nerve fibers conduct impulses much faster than small-diameter fibers. A) short distance hyperpolarization Why does a hyperpolarization phase generally follow a repolarization phase in an action potential? likely acting upon? c. cause imbalance. As you start working out, you notice that your heart rate and breathing rate start to increase. 24, 25 There were 255 and 319 . B) hyperpolarization Neurons: Which of the following is not characteristic of neurons. b. Axon and soma Cell bodies of sensory neurons may be located in ganglia lying outside the central nervous system. The all-or-none phenomenon as applied to nerve conduction states that the whole nerve cell must be stimulated for conduction to take place. A) the impulse would move to the axon terminal only. c. medulla A. they produce neurotransmitters B. they lack neurotransmitter receptors C. they receive communication from other neurons D. they slow down the action potential. b. dorsal horn A) They conduct impulses. Extrapyramidal side effects produced by antipsychotic drugs are similar to the symptoms of: b. astrocytes respond to injury. Both responses are examples of graded potentials. A) motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands Multiple Choice. In this study we evaluated if motor and sensory neurites have a substrate preference for laminin and . a. periaqueductal gray. 2. The Macklis Lab is directed toward (1) understanding molecular controls and mechanisms over neuron sub-type development, diversity, axon guidance-circuit formation, and degeneration in the cerebral cortex, and (2) applying developmental controls toward brain and spinal cord regeneration and directed differentiation for in vitro therapeutic and mechanistic screening. c) Myelinated axons utilize fewer, Which of the following statements does not accurately desoribe a characteristic of the autonomic nervous system? Which type of neurons are used to convey the special senses of sight? Reflexes are rapid, automatic responses to stimuli. b. Medulla 5. c. The person may stop breathing. Two subtypes of motor neurons have been identified: inferior and superior. d. ribosome transcription. threshold Voltage-gated Na+ What does the central nervous system use to determine the strength of a stimulus? e. neurons that innervate smooth muscle are under involuntary control. How can potentially poisonous gases like NO and CO be used by the body? Potentials that are short-lived, local changes in membrane potential that can be either depolarized or hyperpolarized are called ________ potentials. STRUCTURAL FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NERVOUS AND GLIAL CELLS. 39. The interior is ________. D) A single type of channel will open, permitting simultaneous flow of sodium and potassium. The preclinical phase of AD, which can last 10 to 20 years, is characterized by the gradual accumulation of -amyloid and tau aggregates in the brain, together with neuroinflammation and synaptic alterations ().Several lines of evidence indicate that -amyloid deposition precedes . d. increase the density of dendritic spines. C) leakage channel 12. the membrane potential has been reestablished. Oligodendrocytes form: What is the role of acetylcholinesterase? a. Sensory neurons. DI) They have an exceptionally high metabolic rate. B) They have extreme longevity. What is a credit line? d. hippocampus. a. Preganglionic neurons tend to be long, with the ganglion located in or near the effector target tissue(s). D. Involved in fast-acting body control. a. Epigenetic markers to axon segment Axon segment d. Neurotrophins. a. b. medulla An impulse from one nerve cell is communicated to another nerve cell via the ________. d. reticular activating system. When the neurons were damaged, the number of Nissl corpuscles decreased significantly . b. Neurons would be unable to form the blood-brain barrier. Neurons are located both in the CNS and on the periphery. B) They can form on receptor endings. b. a Mendelian disease. Which of the following is an EXCITATORY neurotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal. c. M2 microglial cells The presence of at least one Y chromosome indicates: b. David N. Shier, Jackie L. Butler, Ricki Lewis, Anatomy and Physiology: An Integrative Approach, Michael McKinley, Theresa Bidle, Valerie O'Loughlin, LELCB 1B (28/1) - Collocation review (gap fil. 2.Motor. View the full answer. muscles throughout the body? A. excitability B. neurotransmitter production C. high energy needs D. capability of mitosis. D. Skeletal muscles supports the weight of some internal organs. 41. spindle fibres to divide the cell. A thirestold potential must be excecded or reached. ___________ are clusters of neuron cell bodies in the sympathetic and parasympathetic the afferent division of the nervous system. (a) can maintain ionic balance of extracellular environment for neurons (b) can take glucose from blood to provide to neurons to make ATP (c) can take up neurotransmitter from a synapse (d) can phag, Which of the following are characteristics of myelinated axons? Answer: Option D is correct Explanation: Neurons generally do not e. inability to divide by mitosis long cell life span (longevity) high aerobic metabolic rate ability to survive in anaerobic (Uithout oxygen) conditions. Which of the following is NOT characteristic of smooth muscle? B. Skeletal muscles store nutrient reserves. a. Schwann cells b. satellite cells c. microglia d. astrocytes e. oligodendrocytes f. ependymal cells. a. other neurons b. muscles c. glands d. all of the above, All of the following are characteristics of sympathetic preganglionic neurons EXCEPT: a. A) ependymal cells A) ion Differentiate the actions and chemical messengers in the endocrine system from those in the nervous system. c. decrease the activity of postganglionic parasympathetic neurons. b. cingulate cortex. b. medulla. Glial scars may impair recovery from brain injury because: These gases are neurotransmitters that act indirectly. C) guide the migration of young neurons, synapse formation, and helping to determine capillary permeability A. Sensory. What does myelin do for neurons? C) opening of voltage-regulated channels (a) They conduct impulses. ________ is a disease that gradually destroys the myelin sheaths of neurons in the CNS, particularly in young adults. The synapse more common in embryonic nervous tissue than in adults is the ________. C) microglia Which of the following would NOT be an example of having an activated sympathetic a. the thin filaments of smooth muscle fibers are attached to dense bodies. a. Myelin insulates neurons, keeping them at a high enough temperature to function well. Which of the following is not a characteristic of ion channels? Indicate the number of orbitals in the 6p sublevel. depression would be an example of: C) frequency of action potentials A neuron was found to originate in the hippocampus and terminate in the prefrontal cortex. d. The patient is at risk of a Mendelian disease. d. a transcription factor. Spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) play a vital role in conveying complex information from hair cells to the brainstem (Shrestha et al., 2018).As the injury or degeneration of SGNs is particularly devastating to hearing function, thus the repair of SGNs is of great importance in hearing-related biomedical fields (Petitpre et al., 2018; Wei et al., 2021).