These are just some of the different ways that human security issues arise in the context of natural disasters. 2. The quake struck at 4:15 pm (0715 GMT) about 417 kilometres (259 miles) northeast of Tokyo, at a depth of 39.6 kilometres (24.6 miles), the USGS said. An image captured by a plant security camera freezes the moment. Even before the disaster, it was already double Japan's annual economic output., Lastly, Japan's economy had just started to recover from 20 years of deflation and recession. The earthquake only added to the country's economic challenges. Kirstin is currently Principal Investigator for an interdisciplinary project on shipwrecks in Stellwagen National Marine Sanctuary, including the steamship Portland, often termed “New England’s Titanic.” This project uses cutting-edge technology to construct 3D photogrammetric models of the Portland and other wrecks for archaeological and biological research and resource management. He uses techniques that span isotope geochemistry, next generation DNA sequencing, and satellite tagging to study the ecology of a wide variety of ocean species. Williams and her crewmates are working closely with Boeing to develop their new spacecraft systems, which will provide roundtrip crew transportation services to the International Space Station and, along with SpaceX’s CrewDragon, return the ability to launch humans into space from United States soil. By … Tsunami waves smashed the coast, causing massive damage and flooding. Japan is a country that has experienced more than its fair share of natural disasters, and in doing so they’ve become one of the best prepared nations on earth.When you compare the amount of disasters that have hit the nation, plus the population density, and compare it to the fatality rate, the modern numbers are actually surprisingly small. Her work frequently takes her underwater using remotely operated vehicles and SCUBA and carries her to the far corners of the world. Japan disaster now on Chernobyl level Japanese authorities 'provisionally' declared the country's nuclear accident a level-7 event on the international scale for nuclear disasters. He is a Boston Sea Rover and a member of The Explorers Club; his home and laboratory are on the south coast of Massachusetts. The economic cost has been enormous, with estimates of fishing industry losses ranging from $1.3 billion to $2.6 billion USD in 2011 alone. People's Daily Online. (One becquerel equals one radioactive decay event per second. Accessed Jan. 29, 2020. Top 12 Financial News Stories of the 21st Century, How Renewable Energy Can Save Us from Climate Change, Haiti's 2010 Earthquake Caused Lasting Damage, Republican Presidents' Impact on the Economy, Hurricane Harvey Shows How Climate Change Can Impact the Economy, The Green New Deal and How It Boosts the Economy, M 9.1 - 2011 Great Tohoku Earthquake, Japan, Nationwide Post Event Survey and Analysis of the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake Tsunami, Police Countermeasures and Damage Situation Associated With 2011 Tohoku District — Off the Pacific Ocean Earthquake, December 10, 2019, Learning From Megadisasters: Lessons From the Great East Japan Earthquake, Press Release (Apr 04,2011) Discharge of Low Level Radioactive Accumulated Water in the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station to the Sea (2nd Release), Levels of Radioactive Materials in Tap Water Obtained Every Day, 2011 Fiscal Year, Preliminary Dose Estimation From the Nuclear Accident After the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami, Fukushima Radioactivity Hit 7.5M Times Legal Limit, Press Release (April 5, 2011) Detection of Radioactive Materials From the Seawater Near Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (12th Release), International Atomic Energy Agency Fukushima Nuclear Accident Update Log, The Fukushima Daiichi Accident Report by the Director General, Environmental Consequences of the Chernobyl Accident and Their Remediation: Twenty Years of Experience. With much of his work in the South Pacific and Caribbean, Simon has been on many cruises, logging 1,000 hours of scuba diving and 800 hours in tropical environs. "Fukushima Radioactivity Hit 7.5M Times Legal Limit." The tsunami disabled cooling at three Fukushima reactors, and the cores melted within 72 hours. At first, engineers couldn't stop the leakage, and even after they did, it took months to halt emissions completely. , Radiation showed up in local milk, vegetables, and briefly appeared in Tokyo's drinking water. Radioactive materials continued to leak into the Pacific Ocean, raising levels to 4,000 times the legal limit., Japan classified the Fukushima breach a level 7 on the International Nuclear Event Scale, meaning it was "a major release of radiation, with widespread health and environmental effects," according to the International Atomic Energy Agency. That put it at the same level as the Chernobyl nuclear disaster. Some Japanese coastal fisheries remain closed, and public anxiety remains high. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Accessed Jan. 29, 2020. Accessed Jan. 29, 2020. Accessed Jan. 29, 2020. Accessed Jan. 29, 2020. Kirstin Meyer-Kaiser is an Assistant Scientist in the Biology Department at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Accessed Jan. 29, 2020. In a subduction zone, one plate slides beneath another into the mantle, the hotter layer beneath the crust. "The Great Wave of Reform." At 2:46 p.m. on March 11, 2011, below the seafloor off the country’s northeast coast, the Eurasian and Pacific tectonic plates, which grind against one another at the bottom of the Japan Trench, slipped their grip. It’s a common enough occurrence in what is one of the world’s most seismically active regions. Eruptive activity at Sakurajima had been high in the months of October and early November in the year 1999. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2014. Intense public outcry over nuclear generation caused 22 more to shut down by May 2011. Finally, frustration and anger at the response of Japanese authorities to the disaster, including bungled communications and withholding of information during and after the crisis, has severely damaged public trust in Japanese government and industry officials, as well as Japanese scientists. At 2:46 p.m. on March 11, 2011, below the seafloor off the country’s northeast coast, the Eurasian and Pacific tectonic plates, which grind against one another at the bottom of the Japan Trench, slipped their grip. A megathrust fault there runs for some 500 miles undersea and experiences hundreds of lesser tremors every year. He is an Explorer-At-Large at the National Geographic Society, Commissioner for the U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy, and a Research Scholar at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Report of the Chernobyl Forum Expert Group ‘Environment,'" Page 2. The author of numerous books, scientific papers, and articles, he has been featured in several National Geographic television programs, including “Secrets of the Titanic” a five-part mini-series, “Alien Deep with Bob Ballard.” and, in 2019, “Expedition Amelia.”  He was a special advisor to Steve Spielberg on the futuristic television show seaQuest DSV. This one, however, was different. How much radioactivity was released into the ocean? Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry. "Japan-U.S. Relations: Issues for Congress," Page 16. Accessed Jan. 29, 2020. International Pacific Research Center. What, if any, are the continuing sources of radioactivity—and when will they end? Sampling from the K-O-K subsequently confirmed that the powerful Kuroshio Current, running northeast along the coast like the Gulf Stream in the Atlantic Ocean, carried most of the radioactivity out into open waters of the North Pacific. Accessed Jan. 29, 2020. Japan's 2011 Earthquake, Tsunami and Nuclear Disaster. They employed different approaches – Okiyama et al. He has been a scientist at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution since 2001. Much of his current research centers on the use of acoustic telemetry and satellite-based tagging technology to study the ecology and behavior of sharks. 1783 Tenmei Eruption. On March 11, 2011, a 9.0-on-the-Richter-scale earthquake unleashed a tsunami that ravaged the Tohoku region of Honshu, the largest and most populous island in Japan. In 1985, he discovered the RMS Titanic, and has succeeded in tracking down numerous other significant shipwrecks, including the German battleship Bismarck, the lost fleet of Guadalcanal, the U.S. aircraft carrier Yorktown, and John F. Kennedy’s boat, PT-109. Accessed Jan. 29, 2020. International Monetary Fund. It could’ve been worse, said Ken Buesseler, a marine chemist at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI). The four largest islands are Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu and Shikoku, together comprising about ninety-seven percent of Japan's land area. "Sony Group Operations Affected by Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake, Tsunami and Related Power Outages." Immediately, Buesseler began strenuous efforts to mount a research cruise to the area. "Weather Disasters and Costs." http://www.whoi.edu/website/fukushima-symposium/overview, Fukushima and the Ocean Colloquium, May 9, 2013 Tokyo Electric Power Holding Company. For examp… "Fukushima Daiichi Decommissioning Project." Her work frequently takes her underwater using remotely operated vehicles and SCUBA and carries her to the far corners of the world. Accessed Jan. 29, 2020. "Statement by the Governor." Nature. "Police Countermeasures and Damage Situation Associated With 2011 Tohoku District — Off the Pacific Ocean Earthquake, December 10, 2019." 11 of Japan's 50 nuclear reactors were immediately closed after the disaster, reducing the country's electricity generation by 40%. A pioneer in the development of deep-sea submersibles and remotely operated vehicle systems, he has taken part in more than 155 deep-sea expeditions. 1) Earthquake in Japan — Talk about a butterfly effect. National Police Agency of Japan Emergency Disaster Countermeasures Headquarters. But the lasting impacts of the triple disaster are practically incalculable. Unfortunately, the response planning for a potential serious problem, where large amounts of radiation might be released, has been inadequate on many levels. The magnitude 9.0 quake was centered 130 km offshore the city of Sendai in Miyagi prefecture on the eastern cost of Honshu Island (the main part of Japan). Some stones were not as helpful though: they were swept away by the wave that was the largest Japan had seen since 869 A.D..18 The tsunami stones may have helped … Within weeks he had organized an international team of scientific colleagues, and—with a $3.7 million grant from the George and Betty Moore Foundation—the necessary funding. In May and early June, cesium-137 concentrations measured along the coast had dropped off precipitously, as most of the cesium initially released was washed out to sea. “At that level, you could already say this was an unprecedented release to the ocean.”. Cars and boats perched atop buildings. He holds a master’s degree from the University of Rhode Island and a Ph.D. from Boston University. Images of the devastation still stagger. "Nuclear Power in Japan." By continuing on this site, you consent to their use. It shows a small ship idling in the shallow harbor in front of the reactors, safe within the arm of a 19-foot sea wall. Almost two years after the Fukushima disaster, basic questions remain. … "The Influx of Marine Debris From the Great Japan Tsunami of 2011 to North American Shorelines." The chain of calamity now known as Japan’s Triple Disaster began with a massive rupture in the ocean floor. When disaster does hit, as it did today, Japan's buildings fare relatively well. , often termed “New England’s Titanic.” This project uses cutting-edge technology to construct 3D photogrammetric models of the Portland and other wrecks for archaeological and biological research and resource management. TOKYO, March 31, 2011 (From AFP) - A 6.2-magnitude earthquake hit Thursday in an area of North-eastern Japan jolted by a massive quake and tsunami disaster earlier this month, the US Geological Survey said. Japan was struck, in the mid-afternoon of Friday, March 11, 2011, ... Natural disasters, unfortunately, will always be with us. Troublingly, as Buesseler pointed out in a study published in the journal Science in October 2012, levels of cesium present in a wide range of fish are no longer declining or are decreasing only slowly—suggesting that cesium is still emanating from the nuclear power plants or contaminated sediments on the seafloor. (2014) analysed micro-data on inter-firm transaction networks – but most studies found substantial impacts on output in areas not directly damaged by the earthquake and tsunami. There are currently 111 active volcanoes in Japan, accounting for 7% of the world’s … Accessed Jan. 29, 2020. In April 1986, shortly before he was to receive his Ph.D., he got word of the nuclear disaster at a place called Cherno-byl. Accessed Jan. 29, 2020. Accessed Jan. 29, 2020. Accessed Jan. 29, 2020. from the University of Auckland, and Ph.D. from James Cook University, North Queensland, Australia. Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health. Greg has been an avid SCUBA diver and underwater photographer since 1978. http://www.whoi.edu/main/japan-2011. Accessed Jan. 29, 2020. Accessed Jan. 29, 2020. "On the Great East Japan Earthquake in Japan." What they found was in some ways encouraging. His honors include 22 Honorary Doctorates, National Geographic’s highest award, the Hubbard Medal, and a National Endowment for the Humanities Medal. "Lessons From the Great Hanshin Earthquake." Accessed Jan. 29, 2020. 4 on Sakuraji… True enough, in Miyazaki's animated films nature dictates its terms on mankind. https://www.whoi.edu/page.do?pid=67796, Lessons from the Japan Earthquake Coastal Engineering Journal, Vol. As events at Fukushima unfolded, Buesseler monitored data that were beginning to be released by the Tokyo Electric Power Company, or TEPCO, operators of the Dai-ichi plant. What are the risks of low-level exposure to both long-lived isotopes such as cesium-137 and fast-decaying ones such as iodine-131? He has conducted more than 60 scientific expeditions in the Arctic, Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. It took some time for the scale of the contamination to become clear. (2015) and Dekle et al. Uncertainty about acute and ongoing radioactivity exposures has heightened public anxiety, crippled local economies, and jeopardized the future of nuclear power in Japan. Nowhere in Japan are precautions against natural disaster more robust than in state schools. Because of prevailing weather patterns and the coastal location of the plant, an estimated 80 percent of the radioactivity released by the accidents at Fukushima Dai-ichi wound up not on the densely populated Japanese mainland but in the sea. "International Atomic Energy Agency Fukushima Nuclear Accident Update Log," Pages 2-3. Floods in Thailand — Thailand suffered through the worst flooding in half a century this year, … Some Japanese have tsunami stones to thank for the safety of their homes and lives: in Aneyoshi, a tsunami stone states, “ high dwellings ensure the peace and happiness of our descendants.” See Figure 2. Japan earthquake: Aid flows in from across the world A large number of countries have mobilised aid to assist Japanese relief efforts following last week's devastating earthquake and tsunami (Tue 15 Mar 2011 00.03 AEDT) "Great East Japan Earthquake." Levels of cesium in these offshore waters, though higher than normal, were below limits considered risky for human or animal exposure. Accessed Jan. 29, 2020. Report of the Chernobyl Forum Expert Group ‘Environment,', The Tohoku Pacific Earthquake: Economic Consequences, Lessons From the Great Hanshin Earthquake, Japan-U.S. Relations: Issues for Congress, Japan Crisis: Experts Weigh Economic Impact, Supply Chain Competitiveness and Robustness: A Lesson From the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake and Supply Chain “Virtual Dualization, A Possible Risk Reduction of the Negative Impact of Port Blockage by Disasters on the Global Trade and Economy, News Analysis: Experts Divided on Possible Economic Impact of Japan's Catastrophic Quake, Made with Japan: A Partnership on the Frontiers of Aerospace, Boeing’s Big Dream Is the Fastest-Selling New Airliner in History, On the Great East Japan Earthquake in Japan, About the Major Earthquake in Northeastern Japan, Suzuki Plants Suspended Due to Earthquake in Japan (Report #2), Sony Group Operations Affected by Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake, Tsunami and Related Power Outages, Japan Quake May Have Shortened Earth Days, Moved Axis, Outline of the 2011 Off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake (. "Remote Triggered Seismicity Caused by the 2011, M9.0 Tohoku‐Oki, Japan Earthquake." When it finally stopped, parts of the main island of Honshu had moved eight meters, or 26 feet, to the east. Reports of contaminated catch off Fukushima led quickly to closure of fisheries there and in surrounding precincts. … Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings. Some 90 invited attendees from ten countries included ocean and atmospheric scientists, health physics experts, policymakers, and media professionals. Volcanoes. Sunita L. Williams (Suni) was selected as an astronaut by NASA in 1998 and is a veteran of two space missions Expeditions 14/15 and 32/33. Natural Disasters Are a Bigger Threat Than Terrorism, How Companies Use the Supply Chain to Get Ahead, The Disturbing Facts About the Chernobyl Disaster. Suzuki. "Made with Japan: A Partnership on the Frontiers of Aerospace," Page 2. Connected to these questions are concerns about radioactivity and human health. 1. Nikkei. Toyota. Many types of natural disasters occur in Japan such as tsunamis, floods, typhoons, earthquakes, cyclones, and even volcanic eruptions. Two plants were restarted in April 2013 and ran until September 2013, when they were closed for maintenance. Sony. The plant was quickly flooded, and its backup diesel generators incapacitated. For the Japanese, who eat more seafood than perhaps any other modern nation, such concerns are magnified. Accessed Jan. 29, 2020. 4. Japan has historically been hit by a spate of natural calamities. He has written dozens of scientific research papers and has appeared in a number of film and television documentaries, including programs for National Geographic, Discovery Channel, BBC, and numerous television networks. In Tokyo, less than 200 miles from the epicenter, the trembling lasted a full six minutes. As unforeseen as the coming of an earthquake is, we know they do happen which presents a choice to companies in their supply-chain strategies. "Iwaki Factory Back on Line." The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant cooling system was damaged, raising fears of a meltdown. He quickly made his way to Turkey to begin sampling radioisotopes in the Black Sea. Without their cooling systems, three of the plant’s six reactors began to overheat. What the earthquake and tsunami illustrated was how such disasters can instantly plunge hundreds of thousands of people into situations of insecurity, and in the context of existing vulnerability, can further undermine their position. Honda. "The Tohoku Pacific Earthquake: Economic Consequences." For more than 30 years, Greg has been actively involved in the study of life history, ecology, and physiology of sharks. The buildup of hydrogen gas generated by melting nuclear fuel resulted in colossal explosions in these three units and damage to the containment structure of a fourth reactor. At the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant, commissioned in 1971 on the coast 140 miles north of Tokyo, the earthquake had already knocked out electricity, but emergency backup systems seemed to be functioning properly. "Great East Japan Earthquake, 2011." Merely cleaning up the debris scattered along the coast, some 22.5 million tons of it, is a task that will require years. In addition to massive government debt, Japan faced rising commodity prices and an aging labor pool., Many wondered if Japan would sell U.S. Treasuries to pay for rebuilding, but this would have lowered the value of the dollar and increased the cost of imports to the United States. Japan didn't need to sell Treasuries, as it was able to finance the rebuilding program primarily from taxation., The quake and tsunami damaged and closed down key ports, and some airports shut briefly, disrupting the global supply chain of semiconductor equipment and materials. Japan manufactures 20% of the world's semiconductor products—including the NAND flash, an indispensable electronic part of Apple's iPad. Japan also supplies the wings, landing gears, and other major parts of Boeing's 787 Dreamliner. Automakers Toyota, Nissan, Honda, Mitsubishi, and Suzuki were also forced to temporarily suspend production. Many other manufacturing operations, including that of Sony, were suspended., The U.S. Geologic Survey reported that the earthquake was powerful enough to shift the earth on its axis. That caused the earth to rotate a bit faster and shortened the day by 1.8 microseconds. Congressional Research Service. What would the immediate impacts be on sea life at every level, from microbes to fish to humans? Accessed Jan. 29, 2020. Accessed Jan. 29, 2020. On March 11, 2011, a 9.1 magnitude earthquake occurred 231 miles northeast of Tokyo. It was the fifth most powerful earthquake ever recorded, and within 30 minutes, a 133-foot high tsunami pummeled Japan's northeastern shoreline. At least 15,899 people died, and another 2,500 went missing. Rescue efforts were difficult due to cold weather and disrupted transportation routes, and over 470,000 people were displaced. The disaster also fully destroyed 121,991 buildings, cost an estimate $210 billion in economic damage, and swept 5 million tons of debris out into the ocean—where about 70% sunk, leaving 1.5 million tons floating., To make matters worse, the tsunami damaged the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, creating radioactive leaks. And the costs and number of people affected by disasters continues to rise in the face of such influences as growing urbanization and environmental degradation. Economic losses have been estimated at anywhere from $250 billion to $500 billion USD. Then the tsunami hit. Accessed Jan. 29, 2020. Accessed Jan. 29, 2020. Many studies have documented the indirect effect of the Great East Japan Earthquake on production through supply chain disruptions. He is also adjunct faculty at the University of Massachusetts School for Marine Science and Technology and an adjunct scientist at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI). The Influx of Marine Debris From the Great Japan Tsunami of 2011 to North American Shorelines, Evidence That the Great Pacific Garbage Patch Is Rapidly Accumulating Plastic. Ten nail-biting days after that first wave hit, the immediate nuclear crisis was contained. At Woods Hole, Buesseler had watched the evolving disaster with particular interest. "Supply Chain Competitiveness and Robustness: A Lesson From the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake and Supply Chain “Virtual Dualization," Page 8. Accessed Jan. 29, 2020. "Factory Operation After March 16(Wed)." She is currently training for the first post-certification mission of Boeing’s Starliner spacecraft – the second crewed flight for that vehicle – and her third long duration mission aboard the International Space Station. But although the vast majority of fish now being taken off the coast of Japan meet even this stringent standard, some contaminated fish continue to be caught years later. I debated adding the drought and wildfires of Texas and Oklahoma in the top … What's Being Done? Accessed Jan. 29, 2020. http://www.whoi.edu/oceanus/viewArticle.do?id=131749, Café Thorium (Ken Buesseler’s Lab) "Press Release (Apr 04,2011) Discharge of Low Level Radioactive Accumulated Water in the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station to the Sea (2nd Release)." Simon Thorrold is an ocean ecologist at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Where would all that radioactivity go, and where would it eventually wind up? (2012) used multiplier analysis, Tokui et al. He recently discovered that blue sharks use warm water ocean tunnels, or eddies, to dive to the ocean twilight zone, where they forage in nutrient-rich waters hundreds of meters down. On March 11, 2011 Japan experienced an earthquake, which has become the most terrible and destructive in the history of this country. 2011 Japan earthquake and tsunami timeline, response, recovery and transition. "Outline of the 2011 Off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake (Mw 9.0)." Reactors began reopening in 2015., Third, the Bank of Japan provided market liquidity to ensure the stability of financial markets, but the long-term impact was harmful to the country's struggling economy. Rebuilding lifted the economy a bit, but the increase in the national debt outweighed it. Japan Earthquake and Tsunami, March 2011. On the flip side, the huge amount of radioactive contamination to the western North Pacific, delivered via atmospheric fallout and direct discharge of cooling waters, created an unprecedented challenge for the ocean—and for ocean scientists. "Japan Sustainability Report," Page 4. Tens of thousands of people left their homes as the Japanese government set up widening evacuation zones based on shifting predictions of radioactive fallout from these explosions. Japan earthquake and tsunami - 2011 Japan is an island nation located in East Asia. "Press Release (April 5, 2011) Detection of Radioactive Materials From the Seawater Near Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (12th Release)," Pages 1-6. Accessed Jan. 29, 2020. What, exactly, had the ocean absorbed? "Japan Sustainability Report," Page 2. 54, No. Manufacturing Management Research Center. On 11 March 2011, out of 18,000 people killed by the earthquake and tsunami in Japan… And the costs and number of people affected by disasters continues to rise in the face of such influences as growing urbanization and environmental degradation. Accessed Jan. 29, 2020. International Atomic Energy Agency. Japan Reconstruction Agency. By … Japan earthquake: Aid flows in from across the world A large number of countries have mobilised aid to assist Japanese relief efforts following last week's devastating earthquake and tsunami (Tue 15 Mar 2011 00.03 AEDT) Meanwhile, amid frantic efforts to forestall a complete meltdown, thousands of tons of water were poured onto the reactors from water cannons, fire trucks, and helicopters. Japan Disaster Shakes Up Supply-Chain Strategies If often takes a crisis like this to get an organization to look at the way their strategies. Mitsubishi Motors. "Where Will the Debris From Japanʼs Tsunami Drift in the Ocean?" [alert-note] Disaster Type: Volcano | Year: 1999 | Place: Location Japan [/alert-note]This is one of the most active volcanoes among several others in Japan; the volcano was reported to have erupted more than 200 times in 1995, the most active of the four years, 1995-99. Disaster management agencies in Japan and abroad are learning each time there’s a natural disaster. "Levels of Radioactive Materials in Tap Water Obtained Every Day, 2011 Fiscal Year." "Environmental Consequences of the Chernobyl Accident and Their Remediation: Twenty Years of Experience. Bank of Japan. The goal, Buesseler said in his opening remarks, was “not to alarm or to blame, but to present a scientific review of what we know and don’t know about the contaminants released at Fukushima, their fate in the ocean, and their potential to impact marine ecosystems and human health.”. The chain of calamity now known as Japan’s Triple Disaster began with a massive rupture in the ocean floor. She has been working in the Accounting and Finance industries for over 20 years. To address the current state of these and other questions, Buesseler and his Japanese colleague Mitsuo Uematsu of the University of Tokyo convened a two-day Fukushima and the Ocean colloquium in Tokyo in November 2012. Episode 1 of the series, “The First 3 Days,” tells the story of the horrifying moments following the magnitude 9.0 earthquake off the Pacific coast of Tōhoku, Japan on March 11, 2011 at 2:46pm, triggering a massive tsunami and nuclear meltdown at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. Blanketing a wide area, Buesseler and his colleagues sampled seawater, plankton, and small fish at the surface and at varying depths. The country has gone through thousands of years … The Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution is dedicated to advancing knowledge of the ocean and its connection with the Earth system through a sustained commitment to excellence in science, engineering, and education, and to the application of this knowledge to problems facing society. http://cafethorium.whoi.edu/website/about/index.html, WHOI Tsunami website "Nationwide Post Event Survey and Analysis of the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake Tsunami," Page 13. http://www.whoi.edu/main/morss/fukushima, Fukushima Radiation the Pacific "Earthquake to Affect iPad 2 Schedule." The Fiscal Times. "Environmental, Emotional Impact From Japanese Tsunami Still Felt in B.C." Accessed Jan. 29, 2020. "2011 Japan Earthquake and Tsunami: Facts, FAQs, and How to Help." "10 Lessons From Fukushima," Pages 54-59. Cesium-137 is soluble in seawater, Buesseler explained, so it quickly disperses down and out into the ocean. 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