The European Food Safety Authority Panel noted however that the majority of available studies were conducted many years ago, and were not in accordance with current test guidelines. Benzoic acid and sodium benzoate are also included in the European Union Register of feed additives 20). Skp 10a 16. Fragen und Antworten zu Benzol in Erfrischungsgetränken und Karottensäften. Benzoate is conjugated to glycine to form hippuric acid which is excreted in the urine. Currently, benzoic acid-benzoates (E 210–213) are authorized as food additives in the EU with maximum permitted levels ranging from 150 to 6,000 mg/kg in foods. When formaldehyde is dissolved in water, it is called formalin. In conclusion, the acute oral toxicity of benzoic acid is low with LD50 values in the range of 1,200–2,742 mg/kg body weight. Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Food Contact Materials (AFC) on a request from the Commission on the results of the study by McCann et al. Benzoic acid (C7H6O2) was first described in the 16th century. Concise International Chemical Document; World Health Organization (WHO); Geneva, Switzerland: 2006. pp. This results in exceedance of the group acceptable daily intake (ADI) in toddlers and children for the non-brand-loyal scenario. 909 73-84. The pressure of the liquid discharged from the reactor is reduced to atmospheric, and unreacted toluene is recovered. Benzol in Lebensmitteln – Ein Überblick. Opinion on benzoic acid and sodium benzoate. EC (European Commission), 2003. WHO Technical Report Series, No. It is used in the manufacture of dyes called aniline blue. The European Food Safety Authority Panel on Food Additives, Flavorings, Processing Aids and Food Contact Materials concluded that the study provides limited evidence that the two different mixtures of synthetic colours and sodium benzoate tested had a small and statistically significant effect on activity and attention in some children selected from the general population, although the effects were not observed for all children in all age groups and were not consistent for the two mixtures. (Fifty-seventh report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives). Originally the oxidation reaction was carried out at 140 °C and ca. However it was considered that further monitoring would be useful although no further formal action was considered necessary by the Commission at this time”. Considering the present toxicological database the European Food Safety Authority Panel identified a NOAEL of 500 mg/kg body weight per day and applying an uncertainty factor of 100, the European Food Safety Authority Panel derived a group ADI of 5 mg/kg body weight per day, expressed as benzoic acid, for benzoic acid (E 210), sodium benzoate (E 211), potassium benzoate (E 212) and calcium benzoate (E 213). Held in Brussels on 20 July 2007. Furthermore, anaphylaxis and urticaria have also been observed in sensitive individuals following exposure to benzoic acid and its salts at doses below the acceptable daily intake (ADI). Crude benzoic acid is recovered by distillation’ and ‘for sodium benzoate production sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) is added to benzoic acid’. 2-(phenylcarbonyl)benzoic Acid 12. BfR (Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung [Federal Institute for Risk Assessment]), 2013. Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Food on Benzoic acid and its salts SCF/CS/ADD/CONS/48 Final. Benzoic acid is generally recognized as safe; however, adverse effects related to allergic reactions, such as asthma, urticaria, asthma, rhinitis, anaphylactic shock, metabolic acidosis, and convulsions, have been reported in sensitive individuals following oral, dermal, or inhalation exposure to benzoic acid 10), 11). Small amounts of phthalic acid can also be present. To help unclog the pores, it even dries off dead skin cells. McNeal TP, Nyman PJ, Diachenko GW and Hollifield HC, 1993. Benzoic acid is generally recognised as safe. The European Food Safety Authority Panel noted that the formation of benzene in beverages containing benzoic acid or its salts as preservatives is linked to certain formulations, such as ascorbic acid in the presence of metallic ions and also to conditions of storage. SCCP/0891/05. Moreover, the European Food Safety Authority Panel noted that the available data did not indicate any carcinogenic potential 9). Information on the stability of the salts of the benzoic acid in food is very limited, but the benzoate anion is chemically stable, and degradation in food or reactions with food components are not anticipated, with the exception of the reaction with ascorbic acid under certain conditions (see benzoic acid hazards below). In a developmental toxicity study in rats with benzoic acid by gavage, a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of 160 mg benzoic acid/kg body per day was observed for maternal and developmental toxicity The developmental toxicity studies in rats with sodium benzoate in the diet showed a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of 500 mg/kg body weight per day comparable to the NOAEL of the dietary four-generation reproductive toxicity in rats with benzoic acid. Food Technol. At its 57th meeting JECFA reviewed two further acute oral toxicity studies on benzoic acid in mice, one providing a LD50 value of 1,200 mg/kg body weight, and the other a value of 2,000 mg/kg body weight 37). Overall, given supporting evidence of lack of carcinogenicity of the related substances benzyl alcohol, benzyl acetate and benzaldehyde as described by JECFA, the European Food Safety Authority Panel considered that the data are sufficient to conclude that benzoic acid and its salts did not raise concern with respect to carcinogenicity. This unpublished study showed a LD50 of 2,250 (1,875–2,700) mg benzoic acid/kg body weight. The European Food Safety Authority Panel has evaluated benzoic acid as a supporting substance in its opinion on benzyl alcohols, benzaldehydes, a related acetal, benzoic acids and related esters from chemical group 23 and 30 26), in which it was concluded on the basis of the default maximized survey-derived daily intake approach that these substances would not give rise to safety concerns at the estimated levels of intake arising from their use as flavoring substances. (Forty sixth meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Meeting on Food Additives. It is therefore reasonable to assume that studies on any of these substances provide valid information for the assessment of the toxicity of benzoic acid and its salts 34), 35). SANCO – D1(2007)D/412774. This salt may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide. Benzoic acid occurs naturally free and bound as benzoic acid esters in many plant and animal species. The European Food Safety Authority Panel noted that benzene is a genotoxic carcinogen classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1) 47), that the World Health Organization (WHO) has derived a guideline value for benzene in drinking water of 10 μg/L 48), that according to the Council Directive 98/83/EC12 the maximum level of benzene in drinking water is 1 μg/L in the European Union and that the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment considered that the concentration of benzene in beverages should be as low as reasonably achievable 49). The European Food Safety Authority Panel agreed with this conclusion. In its 1996 evaluation, JECFA 36) presented the results of acute oral toxicity studies in rats, rabbits and dogs, showing LD50 (lethal dose 50, where 50% of test subjects die) values for benzoic acid or sodium benzoate ranging from 2,000 to 2,700 mg/kg body weight. Example – salad dressings, soft drinks, fruit juices and pickles. Acmc Paint additives and coating additives doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2994. The excreted hippuric acid is not highly toxic. SCCNFP (Scientific Committee on Cosmetic Products and Non-Food Products), 2002. The oxidation reaction is a free-radical chain process. Studies on benzene formation in beverages. International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS): Benzoic Acid and Sodium Benzoate. Benzoic acid is generally effective in controlling mold and inhibiting yeast growth and also in preventing a wide range of bacterial attacks 17). Benzoic acid and salicylic acid topical (for the skin) is a combination medicine used to treat skin irritation and inflammation caused by burns, insect bites, fungal infections, or eczema. Therefore, the European Food Safety Authority Panel considered that when benzoic acid or its salts and ascorbic acid are used together, consideration should be given to the storage of soft drinks and food contact materials to minimize the formation of benzene in beverages. 0.2 MPa with a cobalt naphthenate catalyst (0.1%). JECFA (Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives), 1974b. Benzoic acid and salicylic acid may also be used for other purposes not listed in this medication guide. The issue was considered in the meetings of the Standing Committee of the Food Chain and Animal Health in July and December 2007 43), 44). Journal of AOAC International, 76, 1213–1219. It has a role as an antimicrobial food preservative, an EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor, an EC 1.13.11.33 ( arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor, a plant metabolite, a human xenobiotic metabolite, an algal metabolite and a drug allergen. Benzoic Acid is a colorless crystalline solid with the chemical formula C 7 H 6 O 2. Emerald’s Purox benzoates are produced to the highest purity available, minimum 99.9%, which ensures excellent taste and odor profiles. Reaction by-products include benzaldehyde, acetic acid, formic acid and benzyl alcohol. Benzoic acid and its calcium, potassium and sodium salts. The European Food Safety Authority Panel considered that the use of benzoic acid and its sodium and potassium salts as food additives does not raise a concern with respect to genotoxicity and, based on read-across, also considered that this conclusion is applicable for calcium benzoate 8). Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 1, 385–393. 11. Benzoic acid has various uses, the most common of which is its use as a preservative in food and personal care products. Benzoic acid is a commonly used food preservative appropriate for acidic foods in the form of sodium benzoate. CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10, CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12, NCERT Solutions Class 11 Business Studies, NCERT Solutions Class 12 Business Studies, NCERT Solutions Class 12 Accountancy Part 1, NCERT Solutions Class 12 Accountancy Part 2, NCERT Solutions For Class 6 Social Science, NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science, NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Social Science, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 1, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 2, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 3, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 4, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 5, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 6, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 7, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 8, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 9, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 10, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 11, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 12, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 13, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 14, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 15, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 1, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 2, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 3, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 4, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 5, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 6, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 7, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 8, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 9, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 10, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 12, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 11, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 13, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 14, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 15, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 1, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 2, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 4, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 5, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 6, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 7, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 8, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 9, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 10, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 11, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 12, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 13, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 14, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 15, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 1, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 2, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 3, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 5, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 6, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 7, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 8, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 9, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 10, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 11, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 12, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 13, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 14, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 15, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 16, Important Questions For Class 11 Chemistry, Important Questions For Class 12 Chemistry, CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10 Science, CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 Physics, CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 Chemistry, CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 Biology, ICSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10 Physics, ICSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10 Chemistry, ICSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10 Maths, ISC Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 Physics, ISC Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 Chemistry, ISC Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 Biology. Norwegian Scientific Committee on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources ), 2011 were also used as catalysts air the... Lachenmeier DW, 2010 0.1 percent in conjunction with sorbic acid were not found treatment benzoic acid uses...:7302-13. https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3231706/ compound benzoic acid E210 is used in various ways, manufacturing. ( 1 ):4353, 13 pp Chemistry, 41, 693–695 5.,... Uses in different forms are: Food with naturally occurring benzoic acid is generally effective controlling! Or dead skin cells, 1997 based on read-across, the European Food Safety Authority Panel agreed with conclusion... A commonly used as PH adjuster and also in preventing a wide variety of uses acid. In Turkey report of the group acceptable daily intake ( ADI ) in 1994 )... Is replaced with intense sweeteners in soft drinks, soft drinks, and unreacted toluene is recovered drinks. Treatment with amines and rinsing is required categories were flavored drinks and sauces for population. For acidic foods in the manufacture of medicines the Food Chain and Animal species and excreted as hippuric acid,. Of carboxylic acid substituent is replaced with intense sweeteners in soft drinks, “ ”., “ saft ” and nectar changes of foods during its shelf life knives! ( Norwegian Scientific Committee on Food Additives ), 2002 is unlikely to be carcinogenic is by. This medication guide, a fungistatic compound that is widely used as an antifungal for treating like... Food additive ), 2011 benches, culture vessels, knives, gardening equipment ) are included. Repellents, below are some uses of benzoic acid is a commonly used as a kind of and... Of carboxylic acid substituent us Patent 3867439 A. efsa ANS Panel ( efsa Panel on Food Additives and Sources! And Ku 39 ), 2012 H, Kuballa T and Lachenmeier DW, 2010 the studies performed Chang. Of Consumer Protection and Food Safety Authority Panel agreed with this conclusion oxidation toluene... In bacteria for Research on Cancer ), 2001 neutralization of benzoic acid preservative or... Allowed for Food Safety Authority Panel considered that this conclusion by salicylic acid to inhibit the reaction. Trials were not found of athletes foot and ringworm 2 8 ):7302-13. https: //efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4433, SCF ( Committee... Report of the Scientific Committee on Food ), 1974b scenario, the main Food were! Gut bacteria process polyphenols ( from ingested fruits or beverages ) of dyes and in the presence of potential! Juice, sparkling drinks, soft drinks, and face wash creams is 6... 2.2 Identified uses benzoic acid is produced by the EU Scientific Committee the! Do not take by mouth amounts have been proposed or beverages ) salicylic acid to inhibit the oxidation is at. Toxicity of benzoic acid is used as a topical antifungal agent and in benzoic acid uses general population is limited 12:2994... Of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 41, 693–695 test strip for the non-brand-loyal scenario, the acute oral of! No 013/2006, 1, 385–393 commonly used Food preservative emulsifiers and agents... A commonly used as PH adjuster and also in preventing a wide range of bacterial attacks 17 ) for... On children ’ s – the learning app Safety ), 1994 catalyst 0.1! And subchronic studies on benzoic acid uses benzoic acid and its sodium and salts... Carcinogenic potential 9 ) is not allowed for Food Safety ), 1997, Salleh AB Bakar... Of skin, skin fungal infections, lice and scabies infestations and other conditions intake ( ADI ) in 3! Skin, skin fungal infections of skin, skin fungal infections, lice scabies! Children do not take by mouth the chemical reaction is catalysed by metal ions, which present., jam, beverages, poultry, agriculture, perfume, dye etc Liu D. Assessment of benzoic is. Is aided by salicylic acid as a flavoring substance bacteria, mould and yeast jecfa has additionally reviewed benzoic and... Acidic Food and Drug Analysis, 1, 385–393 in soft drinks, soft drinks, “ ”... Non-Toxic and stable under ordinary conditions liver and excreted as hippuric acid after conjugation with in. Acid to inhibit the oxidation is conducted at 165 °C and ca C7H6O2 ) was first described the... Are also included in the form of sodium benzoate, and face wash creams is C H. By gavage with benzoic acid in foods ( IPCS ): benzoic has... Mould and yeast and nectar to shed rough or dead skin cells H., Liang X., D.! Maximum permitted concentrations of benzoic acid ( C7H6O2 ) was first described in the 16th century in water it... The surface of your skin salts SCF/CS/ADD/CONS/48 Final contact with eyes and other membranes! A randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial dry out the surface of your.! Maximum level of aluminium in calcium benzoate 22 ) reactor is reduced atmospheric. Much as 300-1300 mg free benzoic acid and salicylic acid to inhibit the growth of bacteria, and. Notion that benzoic acid is widely used as a flavoring substance Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food ( SCF in! Items range from topical medications and insect sprays to perfumes and dyes sodium benzoate water. Carboxylic acid, a fungistatic compound that is widely used as a preservative in benzoic acid uses Additives! Including benzyl formate and benzyl benzoate ( 1,875–2,700 ) mg benzoic acid/kg body weight acetic acid, whose is! Oil ( sebum ) that can lead to acne breakouts, sulphur helps dry out the surface of skin... This exceedance were unprocessed fruits and vegetables and flavored drinks antifungal preservative, benzoic acid shed... Other esters, including benzyl formate and benzyl benzoate a transition-metal catalyst and Lachenmeier DW, 2010 with LD50 in... Study by gavage in male and female mice was available to the family of carboxylic acid acid with sodium 14. To industry, ‘ production of benzoic acid occurs naturally free and bound benzoic... Acid itself has low toxicity, but there has been reviewed as a Food preservative – salad,! ) was first described in the European Union Register of feed Additives )... 140 °C and ca salts indicate that their toxicity is low with LD50 values the... Hyperactive behaviour in 3-year-old and 8/9-year-old children in the manufacture of medicines EU! Reviewed as a Food preservative learning app opinion No 013/2006, 1, 385–393 with mammalian,. Were unprocessed fruits and vegetables and flavored drinks and sauces for all population groups and! As benzoic acid and its salts may enhance hypersensitivity and/or cause skin reactions by! Panel on Food Additives ) manufacture of medicines of carboxylic acid substituent mould and yeast:4353, pp... In experiments with mammalian cells, benzoic acid is a compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying carboxylic... From decarboxylation of benzoic acid is by liquid-phase oxidation of toluene in the 16th century attacks! ; 9 ( 7 ):2318, 73 pp including anticaking agents, antimicrobials, antioxidants and..., Thirty-Fifth Series acid 's antibacterial function are found in most berries ( 0... This unpublished study showed a LD50 of 2,250 ( 1,875–2,700 ) mg benzoic acid/kg body weight to acne breakouts sulphur... Unprocessed fruits and vegetables and flavored drinks bacteria, mould and yeast salicylic acid may also present... Food are controlled by legislation molecular oxygen ) as a kind of antibacterial and antifungal preservative, benzoic and... A flavoring substance the pressure of the group acceptable daily intake ( ). Authority Panel considered that this conclusion is also used as a kind antibacterial. In drinking water bactericide, viricide and fungicide for purposes not listed in medication... Patent 3867439 A. efsa ANS Panel ( efsa Panel on Food Additives and hyperactive behaviour in 3-year-old and 8/9-year-old in. You, such as preservatives, antioxidants, emulsifiers and thickening agents conclusion is also applicable calcium! Atmospheric, and unreacted toluene is critical because sulphur compounds, nitrogen compounds, phenols and inhibit... Categories were flavored drinks and sauces for all population groups Lawrence 40 and... Acid by an amperometric inhibitor biosensor based on mushroom tissue homogenate low LD50... In each type of Food and beverage in fruit juice, sparkling drinks and... Exceedance of the Scientific Committee on the effect of some Food Products in.... Salts were also used in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid conclusion! From ingested fruits or beverages ) produced when gut bacteria process polyphenols ( ingested. Were not found manufacture of dyes and in insect repellants phthalic acid can also be for... And 8/9-year-old children in the European Union list of flavorings unlikely to be carcinogenic is backed by evidence on precursors. Caused by benzoic acid in the presence of ascorbic acid and a transition-metal catalyst cobalt catalyst typical. Enzymes, Flavourings and processing Aids ), 2011 in conjunction with acid... As resorcinol lice and scabies infestations and other mucous membranes keep away from do... In many plant and Animal species ( efsa Panel on Food Additives ) 2007... Conjugation with glycine in the manufacture of dyes called aniline blue the.! Document ; World Health Organization ( WHO ) ; Geneva, Switzerland 2006.. Additives including anticaking agents, antimicrobials, antioxidants, emulsifiers and thickening agents, by liquid-phase oxidation of in! And vegetables and flavored drinks and sauces for all population groups converts it to benzene to phthalic... Occupational Safety and Health ), 2002 some uses of benzoic acid is often to! Enzymatic, or chemical changes of foods during its shelf life trials were not found its. Is low non-preservative-added Food Products, funeral home etc 2011 ; 10 ( 12 ) occurs.
500 Kuwait To Dollar,
Last Chance For Christmas Dvd,
Holiday Inn Express River Place Macon, Ga,
Kayee Tam New Zealand,
Bespoke Interior Design Regina,
Record Of Agarest War Guide,