Grant Administration; Reconstruction Ends, Next Reconstruction Era National Historic Park in Beaufort, South Carolina defines Reconstruction as having started in 1861 (the beginning of the American Civil War) and lasting until the early twentieth century. The official era of Reconstruction came to a close with the Compromise of 1877. What legal loopholes did Southerners create to resist African American equality? How did the stereotype of carpetbaggers compare with the reality? Connected to this question were larger discussions about the rights of four million newly-freed African Americans, the extent to which former Confederates should be punished for their role in the war, the fulfillment of "Manifest Destiny" through westward expansion and settlement of Indian Country, and the meanings of freedom and justice in the United States. The authors of the documents were selected to show a variety of contrasting views and also to reflect the different ways that Reconstruction affected various populations. endstream endobj 119 0 obj <>stream Who did it benefit? Sharecroppers typically did not have enough good farmland or time to tend to it. A particle moves along a straight line with the equation x = 16t + 4t2-3t3 where x is the distance in ft and t is the time in second. It required former Confederate states to include a ban on slavery in their state constitutions. In some cases these newcomers were motivated by noble sentiment, while others were merely out to seek their fortunes. In part, Grants administration suffered because of some real and some exaggerated charges of corruptionmost of which did not directly involve Grant but tarnished him nonetheless. Reconstruction Flashcards | Quizlet Equally important, the concept of "civil rights" was established during this period. He believed that there would be no benefit to punishing southern states. Johnson pushed for laws limiting the Executive Branchs power to help ensure the policies included in the Radical Reconstruction plan would endure after he left office. At every step, Congress intervened and put laws in place that circumvented and, in some cases, limited the Presidents authority. It helped maintain schools for black kids and insured fairness of labor contracting. Johnson wrote much of the Reconstruction legislation himself. The Command of the Army Act prevented the president from issuing orders to the military except through the general of the army, who at the time was Ulysses S. Grant; additionally, the commanding general could not be removed without the Senate's consent. There were many reasons for the unpopularity of Congressional Reconstruction in the South. Lincoln realized that, with the war over, anything that prolonged the divide between North and South would be harmful to the nation overall. To provide African Americans access to government services, To desegregate Southern society and institutions, To restrict the freedom of African Americans and ensure their availability as a cheap labor force, To repeal the slave codes that were in place before the war. If this activity does not load, try refreshing your browser. Many Southerners were scared of rebellion. Corruption compromised the ability of the government and, frequently, of private interests to facilitate the reconstruction of the South. endstream endobj 110 0 obj <>/Metadata 10 0 R/Outlines 25 0 R/PageLayout/OneColumn/Pages 107 0 R/StructTreeRoot 32 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 111 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 112 0 obj <>stream Please wait while the activity loads. %%EOF It tested the Constitution and resulted in a compromise that ended Reconstruction in America. Who did southern voters elect to office under the terms of presidential reconstruction? Did black legislatures outnumber whites in any state legislatures? Historically, scholars have defined Reconstruction as having lasted from 1865 (the end of the American Civil War) until 1877, when a political compromise between the Republican and Democrat parties allowed for Republican Rutherford B. Hayes to become President of the United States on the condition that the last remaining federal troops in the South be removed. How did Amendments 13, 14, & 15 help African Americans? At the end of the day, what did it mean to be an American, and whose rights were deserving of the full protection of the U.S. government? 2. blacks could vote and hold office. (.EVDY(*BAwz{}}$awd$J7 IBFQ` When duly elected black representatives were expelled from the Georgia legislature, Georgia once again fell under military rule. WebThe largest weapons factories were located in the South. Expert Help. To assist Confederate prisoners in returning home safely. And Failures Of The Reconstruction Era The process of rebuilding the South after the Civil War. Compose and turn in for a grade a 2-4 page brief for the historian in Activity 2 that more fully evaluates the views presented in the document covered by his or her group. Gave blacks curfews and did not allow them to carry guns. What were the provisions of the first Reconstruction Act? They had to have enough money to pay poll tax and had to pass a literacy test. Northern Republicans who moved down South, often with intentions of helping rebuild Southern society. Exclusion of the last group reflected Johnson's hatred of the planter aristocracy rather than some condition that had to do with restoring the former Confederate states. When the groups have completed their worksheets and concluded their discussion, the teacher, as Committee chairman, should lead the groups in brief presentations to the class (the Congressional Committee) highlighting their findings. It also made it difficult to enforce Republican plans for Reconstruction or the 14th and 15th Amendments to the Constitution. endstream endobj 116 0 obj <>stream Gp}1:qr +sWg" ^8u1k^l2GPt%,}cAZwf? HU=s0+E{r\Ivtv($ *]L0/ u-HKX~9T The Fifteenth Amendment was designed to allow all male citizens the right to vote regardless of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. This was a bold and progressive change to Americas Constitution, however feelings of racism persisted throughout the wounded nation. In this In many ways, we continue these struggles in our politics today. It abolished slavery in the United States. The Civil Rights Act of 1866, which granted blacks born in the United States the same rights as white citizens, also became law (in April) over the president's objection. Despite these violations of both the letter and spirit of his program, the president announced that Reconstruction was complete in December 1865. about the italicized questions to help you form your answers/opinions. Segregation laws were legal in former Confederate states only. For each group, briefly describe (in one paragraph) the primary motivations and objectives that moved them to action. Why Did Reconstruction Come to an End? Reconstruction came to an end as a direct result of too many Southerners opposing the reconstruction. Adoption of the amendment was an issue in the 1866 congressional elections, but the president's campaign against it did not work. Split ten former Confederate states (excluding Tennessee) into five military districts to be overseen by the U.S. military and mandated that each state rewrite its state constitution to allow for black male voting rights before readmittance into the Union. They were codes or rules created by southerners after the Civil War to restrict the new rights and freedoms of African American in the south. Locate the vocabulary word gesticulation in the text. This meant that Southern governments frequently were in the hands of novices: for example, inexperienced (and sometimes illiterate) freedmen andworse yet, from the point of view of many Southern loyalistsNortherners who had moved in the wake of war to assist in the recovery effort. 109 0 obj <> endobj The four states did not rejoin the Union until 1870. The Democratic Party was disbanded and replaced with a new, more liberal version of the Republican Party. In Grants opposition to the Tenure of Office Act (passed during Johnsons term in 1867), which required Senate approval of all presidential appointments and dismissals, many believed that Grant evinced the kind of political fortitude necessary to set things aright. List the groups in chronological order that ran and controlled the Reconstruction process in the US Government. By allowing the former Confederates to reenter the political arena, Republicans faced an uphill battle against the surge in Democratic support and voter-suppression tactics aimed at Republicans and African Americans. In February 1868, after months of investigation, the House voted to impeach the president, largely on the grounds that Johnson had violated the Tenure of Office Act in firing Edwin Stanton. Explain your choice. Who was it supposed to help? HUMO@W o%T@EBQ6P}wwIJ/$7~\]1U 7d9c$y_M)8L%D/*rTPg2QL(Ies>U,;1Q8U#91 EbS WebOne of the main goals of Military Reconstruction was to ensure that voting rights were granted to African American men. %PDF-1.5 % Republicans regained a substantial number of voters who had previously been denied voting rights due to unproven war crimes. Would he or she feel anger over, anything? What was President Johnsons role in the period of Radical Reconstruction that took place in 1867 and 1868? %PDF-1.5 % the South divided into 5 military districts, Johnson denounced the Fourteenth Amendment and urged the southern states not to ratify it. The Freedmen's Bureau was designed to help blacks and poor whites by providing cloths, food, and education. The Presidential Plans (Lincoln and Johnson), the Congressional (Radical Republican), and then Military control (Military Reconstruction Act - South broken down into 5 military districts), Communication des organisations - section 3, Lincoln's vs. Johnson's Plans for Reconstruct, Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen, Civil War, Reconstruction and Old West Review. Blacks that did not have jobs could be put in jail, and therefore took the first job (even bad jobs) offered to them. the amendment stating that all people born in the US have the same rights and are all born equal under the law. There were those who used their positions for exploitation. But in the end, events overpowered the best thinking on both sides of this divide and the impact of these great victories was left to be felt and interpreted by a new generation of Americans. they had belonged to the democratic party known as the bourbon democrats. Atticus G. Haygood (then President of Emory University), Excerpt from a Speech from Richard H. Cain, February 17, 1868 during the South Carolina Constitutional Convention, Excerpt from Senator Carl Schurz of Missouri, Excerpt from a Speech from Richard H. Cain. B 9. (southern Democrats). pNqmjEJOpKxZv{u 4-aCn v84l%_YYk:Ii:vSG#oa H"x\*Uj/V-,!9.RT5\VM_nCdB5" \.x}{ No/^+4.svjc;NfdHsfJhl\_e2nsS,{ Question 3 How did the WadeDavis Bill deal with the issues of Reconstruction? If loading fails, click here to try again. In May 1865, with Congress out of session, Johnson began to implement his own Reconstruction program. The carpetbaggers, so named because of how they travelled light with inexpensive luggage made of fabric, were largely a benign group of Northern Republicans seeking a fresh start in the South (despite Southern Democrats fears to the contrary). ;R5p c-Ncc:ey].Ai4d1]'M-azo!/,'Kx5,:aC;C .Qhg It was thought the freed slaves would be forced to work. Another useful resource is the Educator Resourcesof the National Archives, which features a set of Document Analysis Worksheets. What was the Civil Rights Act of 1875? Same as Lincoln's but military officials and persons with property worth more than $20,000 had to apply directly to the President for a pardon. Who did the Fifteenth Amendment formally grant the right to vote in 1870? Think about the italicized questions What are the Constitutional Grounds for impeachment? How would you evaluate corruption in the Reconstruction legislatures? Stanton was suspended in August 1867 and replaced with Grant as an interim. Chapter 16 Who was the Republican candidate in the election of 1868? no, although many blacks stopped participating. The Tenure of Office Act required the president to obtain approval from the Senate to remove any officeholder that the Senate had confirmed. hWO0Gx`*Bi1 `ZS"%;;NS5J;|@@hHx4&"A $ #p H}AxChDGOB(9S,vcs:JI]V]WywIO{{AS !^}8;]:yNc0v*4Xqa`p k5 z2 9&+cr'~ IOV~=GHB:'*kXa=9r^baYz/1ag7F:,Ww AF;{zVV5S-l/"NZ|'Ol,U#dmCUGe^eE?Ze\mLFMeSZ`E#`jcj~Qm|V$vN81t~~b2[_\$#'b*$]t# HWn}W*(5X,lvLvv}X[ZKq>yFNIQ:UNWOo+S.~/\N($B;f %QI`MVy*|UrS=/4t4_&y^F?7KH84ZxGIUl~&=$wZ]mI_}?cIt4.#9r{s~zn|'nDD DqPz7.|f@(F_k~mz\(J( ,l=70$(yAbs[ki i l}QXvf;;4f74x4B3G3=!7.W X5Xz4]?w/ %Q:!^M_}8z:K H?Ce[U|.CKu@CY) iw#7PY7WP$|WPUqAr5vVK]tok*Dx|MX:-!O Jo#=j8u>rRt\?n! ~.Mgq1JwPD_8 sgA4DY_.kYTP@FuU;zvbEFX=1 S$&5blu1X3=y\W]lh 5f+tY[SU%-6+VZX]r6_>:@ t QYoySE"6=sPoa'&vxgO,q2@pYb: S,d.b9Ij?z/pT0,8[Bx53;IGbxfBQcNx;sLWcw1s}(5_1TJz0O#FNl7DysZjEnjN0_k!d.vT&_AfjwGlEPC|aVK=:+JG}gg] @@ovkV\Uv(%xR\V&%9 cn_n@:/X4m4dIo1i`m[q}+ql4w It was left to the Senate to try the presidentwith Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase presidingand determine whether he should be removed from office. Because of doubts about the constitutionality of the new Civil Rights Act, the congressional Joint Committee on Reconstruction drafted the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution. endstream endobj 415 0 obj <>/Metadata 42 0 R/OCProperties<>/OCGs[423 0 R]>>/Outlines 67 0 R/PageLabels 408 0 R/PageLayout/OneColumn/Pages 410 0 R/PieceInfo<>>>/StructTreeRoot 70 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 416 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC/ImageI]/Properties<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 417 0 obj <>stream Lesson 3: The Battle Over Reconstruction: The Aftermath of WebWhat is meant by the term Reconstruction? Similarly, there were those in the South who turned their bitterness at losing the war into a default position of hostility to all efforts to move forward. quizlet.com H6 Reconstruction i. a form of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on their portion of land, formally known as the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands, was established in 1865 by Congress to help millions of former black slaves and poor whites in the South in the aftermath of the Civil War. The reconstruction period had its successes and failures. How did the WadeDavis Bill deal with the issues of Reconstruction? Georgia, along with Mississippi, Texas, and Virginia, had to satisfy an additional condition: ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment, which prohibited the states from denying a citizen the right to vote because of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. first hand documnets or eye witness accounts from this time. Did Congress do anything about white violence? But how much really changed? Question 2 Which of the following best summarizes President Lincolns attitude toward the policies and process of Reconstruction? The House of Representatives even voted to impeach Johnson over an appointment he made that violated the newly instated Tenure of Office Act. The Amnesty Act of 1872 completely flipped the script on Southern politics and halted the progress being made by Reconstruction efforts. One thing students might consider, for example, is how the devastation of war and the slow pace of efforts to recover from that devastation kept the South in a subordinate economic position in comparison to the faster growing cities of the North.