Gnetum gnemon is a species of Gnetum native to southeast Asia and the western Pacific Ocean islands, from Mizoram and Assam in India, south and east through Indonesia and Malaysia to the Philippines and Fiji. • Fibres: Stuffing fibres are obtained from ramantal hairs removed from the leaf bases of Macrozamia. In T. C. H. Sunderland & L.E. genera i.e. While at a border market - Idenau, the turnover is in the tone of one million US dollars. The amount of Gnetum taken out of the forest now is more than what the forest can naturally replenishes. In India, the ephedrine is obtained from Ephedra gerardiana, E. intermedia, E. nebrodensis and E. sinica. Uses of Gymnosperms. Economic Importance of Gymnosperms: ADVERTISEMENTS: 1. Most governments are still grappling with this to come up with what can be recommended as sound management systems for most of the NTFPs in the wild. Ornamental value: A number of gymnosperms are grown as ornamental plants, e.g., Cycas, Araucaria, Thuja etc. The different species of Selaginella are grown as the garden plants. 1 Former Programme Manager, Mount Cameroon Project, Limbe, Cameroon. Economic importance of gymnosperm. For easy understanding, the economic importance of Gymnosperms can be categorized in the following heads: (1). Gnetum is a genus of about 30 species of vine to tree-like plants growing in Brazil, tropical west Africa, wet parts of India, and south-east Asia. In Nigeria the two species are called ukasi by the Igbo tribe, while the Efik/Ibiobo call them afang (Shiembo 1998). This trade has recently increased drastically into a multimillion dollar trade involving a wide range of people resulting in significant increased in the demand for the species from the wild. Araucaria sp. Economic Importance. Tannins. Trees predominate among the African species; most of the Asian varieties are woody vines, but among the exceptions is G. gnemon, a tree about 20 metres (65 feet) tall that yields a useful fibre and an edible, plumlike fruit. Gnetum cuttings rooted very well with the use of a propagator constructed with easily available materials (Indian Bamboo, polythene plastic and nails). Jump to: Common Names Economic Importance Distributional Range References Other Web References: Taxon: Gnetum gnemon L. Genus: Gnetum: Family: Gnetaceae: Nomen number: 17841: Place of publication: Mant. . This increase in demand, coupled with the absence of a good management system, seriously threatens the resource base. In Ubangi (DR Congo), it is used to treat nausea and is considered to be an antidote to some form of poison (Burkill 1994). The seeds of some species are edible. It generates income for a wide range of people in the villages who otherwise are left out from benefiting from exploitation of the forest. The coniferales are the most important order of forest trees in the economy of civilized man. The traditional harvesting practices posed no threat to the resource base, but of recent, these species are an article of considerable cross-border trade. Economic Importance Of Gymnosperms Submitted By : Dr. Madhumita Bhattacharjee Assistant Professor (Botany) Govt. as food, medicine and horticultural plants) of living Gymnosperms (including indigenous and introduced taxa) in India. Gnetum bears remarkably angiosperm-like leaves, consisting of a broad, ... Africa, and Eurasia. .Araucaria sp. Title: Economic Importance Of Gymnosperms 1 Economic Importance Of Gymnosperms Submitted By Dr. Madhumita Bhattacharjee Assis tant Professor (Botany) Govt. Attitude toward thrift. Gnetum gnemon. The vegetable is traded nationally and internationally and constitutes a recognised source of income-generating activity. Authors; Authors and affiliations; Chhaya Biswas; B. M. Johri; Chapter. 262 Downloads; Abstract. 2. The pressure on the wild population of Gnetum from increased demand for commercial purposes is eminent. In the vast peninsular India they’re represented only by a couple of species of Cycas, Gnetum. ‘Sago’ starch obtained from pith and cortex of stem of C. revolute, C. rumphi etc. 262 Downloads; Abstract. The Gnetum produced through cultivation taste the same as that from the wild and can be traded. For example the Bayangi in Cameroon that consider their traditional meals prepared with Gnetum leaves as very unique to them. Cycas plants appear palm like. Economic Importance. Pteridophytes are used in the horticulture. This involves developing methods of propagating Gnetum in farm situations, transfer cultivation methods to farmers, monitoring of farm harvest, consumption, and marketing of the Gnetum from the farm and the establishment of a gene bank to support the domestication process. Authors; Authors and affiliations; Chhaya Biswas; B. M. Johri; Chapter. Family- Cycadaceae . Bactrocera distincta, Bactrocera kirki, Bactrocera gnetum, Bactrocera obscura, Bactrocera passiflorae, Bactrocera species near passiflorae, and Bactrocera xanthodes. Thuja sp. Vast forest of conifers in many parts of the world are effective in checking soil erosion, forms major forest wealth and gives shelter to wild life. Besides being a lower plant, pteridophytes are economically very important. The Limbe Botanic Garden, Cameroon, has over the recent years dedicated a lot of resources towards understanding the requirement for domestication of the two species of Gnetum, and training of local farmers to be able to take-up this new technology. This fails to specify where this volume should be obtained and what practices must be respected in obtaining the required volume. Mialoundama, F., 1993. The need to create a gene pool from the wild population was identified. College for Girls Sector -11, Chandigarh Uses of Gymnosperms Ornamental Source of Wood Paper Fatty oils Edible Products Fibers Essential Oils Tannins Medicinal Uses Resins Ornamental Cycas sp. Gnetum L. is a genus of economic importance distributed in the humid rainforests of Central Africa. There are uses for all parts of the Ginkgo tree. Sometimes they are fried in oil and eaten. In these situations the areas will require some active interventions if Gnetum is to grow there again. Gnetum, commonly referred to as Eru, is a threatened species in all areas of Cameroon where it grows. Rhizome of Ephedra gerardiana is used as fuel by the people of Tibet. 1. Paper is made from the pulp produced from the bark of Gnetum gnemon. … ... Six species of Gnetum occur in India. Bactrocera gnetum and Bactrocera obscura are not of economic importance. This involves researching how best to produce seedling, understanding the performance of variety of genotype under different soils and light (shade) conditions. 3 Ornamental Cycas sp.. Araucaria sp. A fixed oil, used for illumination and also affective in rheumatism, is obtained from the kernels of Gnetum ula. ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF GYMNOSPERMS ... (P cembra yield fatty oil from their seeds that are used as food and for paints. Scientific Name. 3. Sometimes they are fried in oil and eaten. Podocarpus sp. Gnetum L. is a genus of economic importance distributed in the humid rainforests of Central Africa. The species has completely disappeared in some areas where it used to be commonly found. The creation of this gene bank is an on-going process as new provenances are introduced as funds are made available. Share Your PPT File. The trade presence a huge opportunity if the threats can be managed. The African species of Gnetum are dioecious climbers and only two species (Gnetum africanum Welw. Economic Importance of Gymnosperms The Gymnosperms are with high economic importance to mankind. Economic importance of Gymnosperms: Gymnosperms are of great economic importance. Seeds of Gnetum gnemon, G. latifolium and G.ula are eaten after boiling or roasting. So far the supply of Gnetum leaves from the farm is relatively very low compared with what comes from the forest. .Araucaria sp. Rome. Forest plays a crucial role in promoting the economic advancement and welfare of the people and it is accepted as a veritable means of alleviating poverty among rural communities because of its role in livelihood sustenance, food and environmental security (FAO, 1999). The two species occur in S.E. Economic Importance: 1. Shiembo, P.N., 1994. Economic importance of gymnosperms  As food  Seeds of some species are edible: Cycas, Ginko, Pinus, Gnetum  The seeds and stems of cycas yield ‘sago’ which is a starch and is also called “arrow root”. Gnetum (Gnetum africanum and G. buchholzianum), is a climbing vine in the tropical rainforest of West and Central Africa. The seeds are usually used for food, they can be roasted or put into a soup (3). For commercial purposes, the two species are not distinguishable. Disclaimer Copyright, Share Your Knowledge Foliage leaves of cycas remain fresh for long period so these are used for adornment purpose. Both the leaves and the seeds contain an essential oil consisting of borneol, bornyl acetate, thujone, camphor and sesquiterpenes. Economically, Gnetum leaves sustain an active cross-border multimillion trade stretching from West and Centre Africa to Europe and America. Bactrocera distincta, Bactrocera kirki, Bactrocera gnetum, Bactrocera obscura, Bactrocera passiflorae, Bactrocera species near passiflorae, and Bactrocera xanthodes. Pines are also used for the manufacture of turpentine, rosin, pulp, and paper. Traditional dishes prepared with these leaves have provided the cultural identity for some tribal groups in this region. ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF GYMNOSPERMS ... (P cembra yield fatty oil from their seeds that are used as food and for paints. In press XVIth AETFAT Proceedings. The African species of Gnetum are dioecious climbers and only two species (Gnetum africanum Welw. Order – Cycadales . North America. This is partly due to the fact no inventory has been conducted to know what is available and very little research has been done to develop off-take levels. The permit is for one year and specifies the volume. Economic importance of Pteridophytes Diversity and distribution of Indian Pteridophytes ... 4.4 Unit IV : Gymnosperms Life cycle of Biota (Thuja),Classification Life cycle of Gnetum,Classification Life cycle of Ephedra,Classification Comparison between cycadophyta and coniferophyta. 4. Pteridophytes are also used as a medicine. Ndam, N., J. P. Nkefor, and P. Blackmore, 2000. Ornamental value: Different plant of gymnosperm have ornamental value. Ropes prepared from this fiber are light, strong and pliable. [email protected]. The gymnosperms are predominantly woody plants. Gnetum as an economic crop has an important role to play in the fight against rural poverty. College for Girls Sector -11, Chandigarh Ornamental Source of Wood Medicinal Uses Paper Essential Oils Uses of Gymnosperms Resins Fatty oils Tannins Edible Products Fibers Ornamental Cycas sp. Family- Cycadaceae . A planted Gnetum plant can produce about 1.9kg of leaves every six months. Oil obtained from the seeds of Gnetum ula is used for illumination. and G. buchholzianum Engl. Ephedra gerardiana tincture is effective as a cardiac and circulatory stimulant. Silvicultural practices were developed for the species, and rural farmers trained and this has led to integration of the species into existing agroforestry systems. The socio-economic importance of Gnetum in the Congo basin region has been assessed (Avomo & Awori 1999; Foundoun & Tiki Manga 1999; Liengola 1999; Yembi 1998; Shiembo 1998). Economic Importance of Gymnosperms Wood: They are most important as source of wood & Constitute major forest wealth. Economic Importance. Ephedra, Gnetum and Welwitschia. There are two gametes in male gametophyte of Gymnosperms, but only one of the gamete is functional. Classification of Gymnosperms: As per A Arnold (1948) and as per the Modification by Melchior and Pilger (1954), … Carlquist, S. F. S., & A.R. In this article we will discuss about the economic importance of Ephedra and Gnetum. This is mainly as a result of poor harvesting practices, over-exploitation, and the gradual replacement of the habitat in which the species thrive. Algae are used as a food. The different species of Selaginella are grown as the garden plants. The sustainability of Eru (Gnetum africanum and G. buchholzianum): Over-exploited Non-wood Forest Product from the Forest of Central Africa. Lowe, J., 1984. The habitat in which Gnetum grows is gradually disappearing and the species becoming very scarce to find. It is used widely in Kerala and Assam. Certainly, today Gnetum is a source of life to many, and with a little more effort towards its conservation, it can continue to support the thousand it already does - giving more meaning to the tropical rainforest. (iv) Flowers arranged in compound strobili or inflorescence, (v) Embryo with 2 Cotyledons. The wood from the female tree can be made into paper. The selection is for characteristics such as leaf size, colour, texture, and flavour. Economic importance of gymnosperm 1.) The leaves and "nuts" are used for medicine all over the world. Cycas revoluta, Cycas beddomei, Cycas circinalis, Cycas rumphii are some of the common species. Gnetaceae, a family of tropical gymnosperms in the order Gnetales (division Gnetophyta), composed of one genus, Gnetum, with 30 or more species. If compared with other highly valued forest products as timber, Gnetum trade touches the life of more people in the rural areas. The African species of Gnetum are dioecious climbers and only two species (Gnetumafricanum Welw. Medicinally, Gnetum africanum is used in the treatment of a variety of illnesses. Dishes prepared of Gnetum leaves gives the cultural identity of some tribes in this region. Before sharing your knowledge on this site, please read the following pages: 1. The selection of pilot farmers and the pilot sites was with the agricultural extension staff. danieasgn June 2, 2014 Biology, Biology Homework Help, Biotechnology Help, Botany, Botany Homework Help. The results have been very positive and indicate that it is easier to produce seedlings from cutting than from seeds.