7 in the Efflatoun (1924) plate. The characters noted here are sufficient to separate B. zonata from all other known species of Dacini. Our inter-regional sexual compatibility results between Bactrocera dorsalis and Bactrocera papayae (that in the meantime has been synonymized with Bactrocera dorsalis) confirmed the high levels of inter-specific mating compatibility among Bactrocera dorsalis and Bactrocera papayae found in different countries (McInnis et al. The first three species mainly attack fruit crops, while B. cucurbitae attacks different species of cucurbits. For integrated management of both Bactrocera species, understanding their olfactory behavior is vital for designing reliable control strategies. The external part of the anterior respiratory organs, the spiracles, located one on each side of the pointed or head end of the larva, has an exaggerated and deflexed lobe at each side and bears many small tubercles. Elsewhere in the USA, there are chronic detections in California and Florida that often trigger eradication programs. (Diptera: Tephrididae: Dacinae) in the United States Introduction The genus Bactrocera is comprised of over 500 fruit fly species, of which many are considered serious pests that threaten the agricultural crops of countries in which they are found. Bull. Drew RAI, Hancock DL (2016) A review of the subgenus Bulladacus Drew & Hancock of Bactrocera Macquart (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae), with description of two new species from Papua New Guinea. Life tables were established for trichlorphon-resistant and susceptible
Bactrocera dorsalis strains based on the laboratory observations. Susceptibility of California fruits and vegetables to attack by the Oriental fruit fly (. B. zonata Both species are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical countries, especially in Asia. Males of certain species belonging to the Bactrocera dorsalis complex are strongly attracted to, and readily feed on methyl eugenol (ME), a plant secondary compound that is found in over 480 plant species worldwide. Development from egg to adult under summer conditions requires about 16 days. Drawing by Division of Plant Industry. 42 Bactrocera species. Key words: Bactrocera dorsalis, methyl eugenol, upwind anemotaxis, male responsiveness fruits of a variety of plants containing ME in-cluding flowers of Carica papaya L, mango species, Cassia fistula L, leaves of Melicope anasita Mann. 1963. In scenarios 5 to 7, the SY5 strain was included to compare the genetic variation among other samples. 39 Bactrocera zonata, Peach Fruit Fly. Sister pest taxa, B. papayae and B. philippinensis, occur in the southeast Asian archipelago and the Philippines, respectively. 2015). The relationship among these species is unclear due to their high molecular and morphological similarity. 2007): Asia: Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China (southern), Hong Kong, India (numerous states), Indonesia, Japan (Ryukyu Islands), Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Ogasawara Islands, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Africa: most countries of sub-Saharan Africa have become infested since the first appearance of oriental fruit fly (as Bactrocera invadens) in Kenya in 2003 (Goergen et al. 40 See this web page for comparison with B. correcta, B. oleae, B. cucurbitae, Dacus ciliatus, and others. Photograph by Okinawa Prefectural Fruit Fly Eradication Project Office. Bactrocera invadens. USDA-APHIS, in cooperation with threatened states, has established action plans that go into effect when fruit flies are trapped and reported (USDA 2008). 2007. Steiner trap used to monitor and control the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). Ebina, T. and K. Otho, 2011. The mature larva emerges from the fruit, drops to the ground, and forms a tan to dark brown puparium. The Fruit Flies or Tephritidae of California. … 1989. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 26. Goergen G, Vayssières J-F, Gnanvossou D, Tindo M. 2011. Photograph by Okinawa Prefectural Fruit Fly Eradication Project Office. Prior to the 1990s, almost all Dacini species were described in the genera Dacus or Strumeta. The following characters, in particular, distinguish larvae of the oriental fruit fly from the medfly (Heppner 1985): the anterior spiracles are aligned with a straighter distal margin than in the medfly and the tubules (9-11) are noticeably bulbous; the cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton has a distinct sclerotized area between the post-hypostomial plates and the dorsal bridge; the caudal end has papillules I1-2 as distinct points, widely separated, on a raised margin, and D1-2 are less approximate; and the posterior spiracles are not as elongated (only about 3X width compared to 4-5X width in the medfly). Other synonyms include Bactrocera invadens Drew, Tsuruta & White, Bactrocera papayae Drew & Hancock, and Bactrocera philippinensis Drew & Hancock (Schutze et al. 2015). ... Bactrocera dorsalis, Myiopardalis pardalina, Carpomiy aincompleta, C. The larvae then drop from the fruit to pupate in the soil. Hallman et al. It was a serious pest of citrus and other subtropical fruits in Japan, Okinawa, and the Japanese islands of Amami, Miyako, and Bonin before it was eradicated. The aedeagal length, body size and number of pecten setae of the peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata, in Egypt were measured and compared with the sympatric species, B. dorsalisand B. correctain Thailand. II. The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), is a very destructive pest of fruit in areas where it occurs. [10], On the UF / IFAS Featured Creatures Web site. Ovipositor of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). These markings may form a T-shaped pattern, but the pattern varies considerably. Distribution Countries with established infestations include (CABI 1994; Vargas et al. Adult female oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), laying eggs by inserting her ovipositor in … Distribution (Back to Top) Countries with established infestations include (CABI 1994, Vargas et al. The extensive damage caused by the oriental fruit fly in areas similar to Florida indicates that this species could rapidly become a very serious pest of citrus and other fruit and vegetables if it became established in Florida. Posterior spiracles and anal lobes of larva. [6] The Bactrocera dorsalis complex of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) in Asia. Figure 7. The tropical fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) of the Australasian and Oceanian region. Hancock DL, Drew RAI (2015) A review of the Indo-Australasian subgenus Parazeugodacus Shiraki of Bactrocera Macquart (Diptera: Tephritidae: Daciniae). Liquido NJ. 2015). Alisha7550 Alisha7550 Answer: he is shsonshsudngsns. Hardy DE, Adachi M. 1956. 38 Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni. 1 trap per 10 trees. 43 Drew, Tsuruta White. The efficiency of traps attraction has an important role to … 36 pp. Cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton with large convex, sharply pointed mouth hook each side, each hook about 2X hypostome length; hypostomium with prominent, semi-rounded subyhypostomium; post-hypostomial plates curved gradually to dorsal bridge, fused with sclerotized rays of central area of dorsal wing plate but with a semi-articulated area between; parastomium prominent; dorsal wing plate with posterior ray split; dorsal bridge anterior with a sclerotized point; pharyngeal plate about 25% longer than dorsal wing plate, with median area below dorsal bridge relatively unsclerotized, and a prominent hood. Reg. The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), is one of the world’s most damaging pests and causes trade restrictions on fresh fruits [1,2,3].This pest has previously been recorded to have a wide range of hosts with more than 400 plant species in a list published by the United States Department of Agriculture–Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA-APHIS) []. However, SRFₗₗ-1 trapped 14.8 flies /day/trap, exhibited 0.71% AI proved little or nonattractive slow-released formulation and was categorized as Class-I slow-released formulation for B. zonata (AI 11%). We identified 40 unigenes encoding putative ORs in B. dorsalis, 41 in B. papayae, 39 in B. correcta, 40 in B. cucurbitae, and 39 in B. tau (). Taxonomy and distribution of the oriental fruit fly and related species (Tephritidae, Diptera). 2011), Pacific Islands: Mariana Islands, Tahiti, Hawaii. The invasive fruit fly, Bactrocera invadens Drew, Tsuruta & White, is a highly polyphagous fruit pest that occurs predominantly in Africa yet has its origins in the Indian subcontinent. 2007): Abstract. It has been introduced into areas in South America such as Suriname and Brazil. Adult emergence of D. giffardii showed a maximum emergence rate from pupae of Z. cucurbitae (63.55 ± 4.02%) and B. dorsalis (51.61 ± 2.33%) at 10 days interval, respectively. Bulletin of the California Insect Survey 7: 1-117. B. dorsalis A brief study involving the use of natural plant product in trapping of Bactrocera dorsalis was conducted in selected mango orchards in two agro ecological zone of Ghana for the major mango season. Rev., Semicallantra Drew and Tetradacus Miyake of Bactrocera Macquart (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae). 1989. (2013) found that Bactrocera invadens [=B. It is the principal pest of mangoes in the Philippines. Photograph by Scott Bauer, USDA. The pest status of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (the Oriental fruit fly) is considered higher than B. zonata (the peach fruit fly) and Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett) (the melon fly), with which it shares some host crops. Keywords: Bactrocera zonata, slow-released formulation, … A species in the Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) complex was detected in Kenya during 2003 and classified as Bactrocera invadens Drew, Tsuruta & White. Australian Entomologist 45: 105–132. Foote RH, Blanc FL. under laboratory conditions. Oranges were infested by puncturing holes in the peel and allowing tephritids to oviposit in the holes. Proceedings of the Entomology Society of Washington 51: 181-205. Larva (scientific description): The larva of the oriental fruit fly is quite similar to that of the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly) (Berg 1979, Hardy and Adachi 1956, Pruitt 1953). Olive fly, Bactrocera oleae. The ovipositor is very slender and sharply pointed. Hardy DE. B. correcta Four major oriental fruit fly infestations in California were eradicated between 1960 and 1997. 1979. USDA. Bactrocera dorsalis and B. correcta are serious pests of agricultural fruit crops. [3][4], Many subgenera are defined within this genus:[5] Australian Entomologist 44: 113–120. The numbers of fruit flies Figure 10. 1951. However, a recent study of the type specimen of B. maculigera , from Indonesia, has shown that it is a totally unrelated species ( White and Evenhuis, 1999 ). Figure 1. Ebeling W. 1959. Photograph by Okinawa Prefectural Fruit Fly Eradication Project Office. Cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton of larva. Prior to the taxonomic revision of the Bactrocera dorsalis complex by Drew and Hancock (1994), the taxa endemic to the southeast Asian region of Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand were identified as a single species, viz. The results of the studies indicated that among the rring on fruit flies. 1985. Bactrocera dorsalis and B. correcta are serious pests of agricultural fruit crops. Oriental Fruit Fly Information. The only band of spinules encircling the body is found on the first segment. Infestations of 50–80% have been recorded in pear, peach, apricot, fig and other fruits in West Pakistan. Trichlorphon-resistant
B. Adult female (center) and anterior spiracle of third instar larva (lower left). difference in total number of Adults captured among the different traps was only due to the variations in number of heights, and hand, data pertaining that B. dorsalis is was minimum observed as compared to B. zonata at all treatments as well as 2m height was found favorable as compared to other treatments with (max/min 31 to 27oC and 46 t Figure 12. B. tryoni A Review of Recorded Host Plants of Oriental Fruit Fly, Vargas RI, Leblanc L, Putoa R, Eitam A. Figure 5. Countries with established infestations include (CABI 1994, Vargas et al. Figure 8. Also, a comparison between both species showed a difference in parasitism rate at 24 and 48 h and a positive correlation between percent parasitism and exposure duration. It is extremely morphologically and genetically similar to the Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel); as such the specific relationship between these two species is unresolved. Drawing by Division of Plant Industry. Larva white; typical fruit fly shape (cylindrical-maggot shape, elongate, anterior end narrowed and curved ventrally, with anterior mouth hooks, ventral fusiform areas and flattened caudal end); last instar larvae of average size for family, 7 to 11 mm in length; venter with fusiform areas on segments 4 to 11; anterior buccal carinae relatively short and slender, usually nine to 10 in number; anterior spiracles nearly straight on distal edge, with tubules averaging nine to 11 in number, somewhat globose in appearance. Although its' name does not illicit much response here in Singapore, in countries such as the United States and Kenya, the mention of the Oriental fruit fly will send agricultural farmers, fruit vendors, immigration authorities fuming mad. Photograph by Scott Bauer, USDA. Analysis of latency (time to mate since first couple formed) revealed further differences between populations of Bactrocera dorsalis from Nakhon Si Thammarat and Saraburi (Figure (Figure1B). Prior to the 1990s, almost all Dacini species were described in the genera Dacus or Strumeta. Eggs of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). Diptera: Tephritidae. The Bactrocera dorsalis H. was first recorded from Taiwan in 1912, and then from Thai Island in July 1996. The results revealed a non-significant difference between Bactrocera carambolae and the SY5 strain (scenario 5: P = 0.2483) and among Bactrocera carambolae, Bactrocera dorsalis and the SY5 strain (scenario 6: P = 0.0694). In certain areas of north India and Pakistan it has been more notorious than Bactrocera dorsalis . Environmental Entomology 20: 1732-1736. Identification of Bactrocera zonata. The oriental fruit fly has been recorded from 478 kinds of fruit and vegetables (USDA 2016), including: apricot, avocado, banana, citrus, coffee, fig, guava, loquat, mango, roseapple, papaya, passion fruit, peach, pear, persimmon, pineapple, surinam cherry and tomato. 2007): The genetic sexing Salaya1 strain developed for Bactrocera dorsalis was evaluated using a clean stream and scaled-up for subsequent production lines (e.g., initiation, injection, and release). The above descriptions were from larvae examined in verified samples from Hawaii (in immatures collection of the Florida State Collection of Arthropods). Memoirs of the American Entomological Society 12: 1-161. Larvae of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). (1999). Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) as one of the most devastating species of the genus Bactrocera is a notorious polyphagous fruit fly pest attacking lots of commercially important host plant species in many parts of the world including Iran. Bactrocera dorsalis 1953. Insects Micronesia (Honolulu) 14: 1-28. San Salvador: Org. 42 Bactrocera species. The following is a generalized life history for Bactrocera fruit flies. Bactrocera were found, B.dorsalis and B.zonata, which attack on mango orchards, (Stone house et al., 2002). Hancock DL, Drew RAI (2018) A review of the subgenera Apodacus Perkins, Hemizeugodacus Hardy, Neozeugodacus May, Stat. It is native to large parts of tropical Asia, has become established over much of sub-Saharan Africa, and is often intercepted in the United States, sometimes triggering eradication programs. Phytosanitary cold treatments were tested for Bactrocera invadens Drew, Tsuruta, and White and Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) using comparisons with Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). Adult female oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), laying eggs by inserting her ovipositor in a papaya. 1953. 20: 395-428. 1949. Subtropical Fruit Pests. Australian Entomologist 43: 189–210. Bactrocera dorsalis was formerly known as Dacus dorsalis. The Peach Fruit Fly (PFF), Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is an important agricultural pest in Egypt. Drew RAI. Res. Figure 13. Wong TTY, McInnis DO, Nishimoto JI. Olive fly, Bactrocera oleae. The name Bactrocera maculigera has for many years been erroneously listed as a synonym of B. zonata in catalogues, including the recent work by Norrbom et al. Heppner JB. The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), is a destructive agricultural pest that is widely distributed in many areas of the Asian countries [].It causes severe economic loss and trade restrictions to vegetables and fruits by ovipositing inside more than 450 host plant species (USDA, 2016). Maximum parasitism per female was … While not established in Florida, oriental fruit fly and relatives, such as Bactrocera correcta, are regularly trapped in this state. Bactrocera dorsalis was formerly known as Dacus dorsalis. Pupation occurs in the soil. Drawing by Division of Plant Industry. Female oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, ovipositing on citrus fruit. Pyrosequencing reveals a shift in symbiotic bacteria populations across life stages of Bactrocera dorsalis. The genus name is derived from Ancient Greek bakter "rod" and kera "horn". Bactrocera papayae, Bactrocera carambolae and Bactrocera philippinensis. Difference between bactrocera dorsalis and bactrocera cucurbitae 1 See answer avkacharyulu1492 is waiting for your help. 41 Bactrocera species. There were significant differences (p < 0.05) in the number of Bactrocera invadens captured between the agro ecological zones with relative fly densities of 5.06 F/T/D in moist semi deciduous forest area and 2.38 F/T/D in the coastal grassland zone. In July 2010, fruit flies were discovered in traps in Sacramento and Placer counties. Phytosanitary cold treatments were tested for Bactrocera invadens Drew, Tsuruta, and White and Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) using comparisons with Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). Hancock DL, Drew RAI (2017) A review of the pacific islands subgenus Notodacus Perkins of Bactrocera Macquart (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae). Rodriguez-G-G;et,al,2000. The subgeneric treatments have only partly adopted this latest change, but are indicated here to reflect the most modern - DNA based - insights. fruitflies Bactrocera dorsalis Bactrocera zonatus Bactrocera zonata : methyl eugenol baited traps. Entomol. The mean per cent parasitism of Braconid parasitoid, Diachasmimorpha longicaudata species complex was Bactrocera zonata is listed as Dacus zonatus in Annex IAI of Directive 2000/29/EC, which includes harmful organisms whose introduction in EC countries are banned. Injury to fruit, as with other members of this genus of fruit flies, occurs through oviposition punctures and subsequent larval development. Bactrocera invadens. [8] Add your answer and earn points. Australian Entomologist 42: 91–104. Bactrocera zonata is about the size of a house fly and predominantly red-brown in colour. viz., Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), Bactrocera zonata (Saunders), Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi) and Bactrocera caryeae (Kapoor) in mango ecosystem. It has spread to other parts of the world, in particular to several countries in the Near East and to Egypt. Oecologia (Berlin) 60: 279-284. The conserved odorant co-receptor (Orco) was identified in all Bactrocera species.There were 96.84–100% amino acid identity among Orco proteins from different Bactrocera species. Larvae of fruit flies. Both species are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical countries, especially in Asia. Bactrocera dorsalis, Bactrocera occipitalis, Bactrocera papayae, Bactrocera philippinensis, Bactrocera kandiensis and Bactrocera invadens) there appears to be significant congruence between the morphological and biological ... was no significant difference between them in thorax length, with B. carambolae (mean = 2.91 mm), B. dor- In Florida, the FDACS-Division of Plant Industry will cooperate with USDA-APHIS in regulating the actions of both commercial entities and homeowners. Studies in Hawaiian fruit flies (Diptera, Tephritidae). They resemble wasps. Berg GH. Armitage HM. However, avocado, mango and papaya are the most commonly attacked. The pupal duration was minimum on guava followed by pear, peach and Kinnow, whereas the sex ratio of both the species was almost same on all the fruit crops. In tropical and subtropical countries, especially in Asia and now in the soil to pupate in the Dacus... 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