serum. The taxes are to be paid for the support of those who are God's ministers - the necessary civil officers, from the king downwards, who are attending Continually on this very thing. Only a few sentries were left to guard the heights overlooking the mighty St. Lawrence river; but, while they slept, the soldiers of General Wolfe scaled the heights of the river and defeated the French the next morning on the plains of Abraham. Some of Jesus' parables had as their significant and active premises the institutions of government, as exemplified by the "king" who stood for God (Matthew 22:2), the legal contract of the householder who let out his vineyard, and even the "unrighteous judge" who granted the plea of the importunate widow, his unrighteousness in no way preventing his appearance in the parable as analogous with God! Even beyond all this was the evil nature of the Roman government itself, enjoying at the moment the relative tranquillity of the quinquennium of Nero, but despite that, almost universally hated for its pitiless institutions of imperial power. Tribute to whom tribute - Φορον· This word probably means such taxes as were levied on persons and estates. He said: The discharge of all debts and the keeping of all commandments is summed up in the one word of a man's loving others as he loves himself. Click the Bible to visit the new StudyLight.org being developed!! Let every soul be in subjection to the higher powers: for there is no power but of God; and the powers that be are ordained of God. Romans 8:33 - Who will bring a charge against God's elect? Paul made this nice distinction by quoting only man-ward obligations in his next statement. Verses 13, 14. The word rendered "he" in this verse could be translated "it"; but the translators are correct in making it personal, for only a person could be spoken of as bearing the sword. Not even the mighty storm which descended upon them aroused him. Still others sleep the sleep of spiritual death, as did certain Christians in Corinth. Thus, Stanley Baldwin described the disastrous effects which always accompany the dissolution of states and the breakdown of authority. Salvation is nearer - the whole Christian system is more fully explained, and the knowledge of it more easy to be acquired than formerly; on which account a greater progress in religious knowledge and in practical piety is required of us: and we have for a long time been too remiss in these respects. But it is impossible that such things should be spoken to the followers of Christ; for the very grace that brings repentance enables the penitent to cast aside and abominate all such vicious and abominable conduct. Much of the vilification, harassment, and warring against policemen in the current era has blinded some good people to the absolute indispensability of governmental authority, including an effective police establishment. He could always go out and "shake himself as at other times," so he thought and was therefore contemptuous of the danger. For this cause pay ye tribute also - Because civil government is an order of God, and the ministers of state must be at considerable expense in providing for the safety and defense of the community, it is necessary that those in whose behalf these expenses are incurred should defray that expense; and hence nothing can be more reasonable than an impartial and moderate taxation, by which the expenses of the state may be defrayed, and the various officers, whether civil or military, who are employed for the service of the public, be adequately remunerated. For his political conduct he is accountable to his people; for his moral conduct he is accountable to God, his conscience, and the ministers of religion. Many a sinner is sleeping the sleep of Jonah. We say the same. Thus, the conclusion must be allowed, that if one considers the vice, wickedness, and terror of that age, the consummate wickedness of human government under the control of men like Nero, Caligula, etc., coupled with the government's support of such institutions as human slavery, witchcraft, and prostitution - that if one considers all this, along with the Christian community's total refusal to engage in any actions of opposition or subversion against such a government, and if it be further understood that the Christian's refusal to obstruct or oppose such a regime was due to reasons of doctrine and conscience, honoring the commandments of Jesus and the apostles - then the conclusion is inevitable and must be received as binding that it is a sin for a Christian to engage in the projected overthrow of an earthly government, despite any faults or injustices that might either correctly or falsely be ascribed to the state they would overthrow. This verse teaches that breaking the laws of human governments is equivalent to breaking God's laws, because such laws are also of God's will and authority. To see with what propriety the apostle introduces the important subjects which he handles in this chapter, it is necessary to make a few remarks on the circumstances in which the Church of God then was. We currently pass through an era that glorifies the extremist; the seductive voices of the far left are calling; stop your ears and bind yourselves to the mast, like the sailors of Ulysses. - If thou wouldst not live in fear of the civil magistrate, live according to the laws; and thou mayest expect that he will rule according to the laws, and consequently instead of incurring blame thou wilt have praise. For there is no power but of God - As God is the origin of power, and the supreme Governor of the universe, he delegates authority to whomsoever he will; and though in many cases the governor himself may not be of God, yet civil government is of him; for without this there could be no society, no security, no private property; all would be confusion and anarchy, and the habitable world would soon be depopulated. But this sense cannot at all comport with what is said below, as the Gentiles are most evidently intended. Let every soul be in subjection to the higher powers: for there is no power but of God; and the powers that be are ordained of God. Thus, it might be concluded that he was merely unconscious due to the fall. Furthermore, the Christians themselves were widely regarded as a Jewish sect, were known to acknowledge supreme allegiance to the Messiah, and were easily confused with the extreme nationalistic movement among the Jews. See Suidas and Hesychius, under this word. 2. Home > Study Desk. Paul spent many years in prison, being hailed before many judges; but there is no record that he was ever required to be bound and gagged to preserve order in the courtroom. Their astonishment and gratitude were nearly incredible. He infringes on the essential principles of law and equity. Provision for the flesh, to fulfill the lusts thereof ... refers to the investment of time, preparation and money in such a manner as to allow or facilitate the gratification of fleshly lusts. Click the Bible for the all new StudyLight.org!! Don't throw it away, or allow some revolutionary to rape you intellectually and rob you of it. Choose a verse from 'Romans 12' to begin your 'Verse-by-Verse' study of God's Word using the more than 100 commentaries available on StudyLight.org Bible Study Tools Language Tools Historical Writings Pastoral Resources Personal Resources Site Resources advertisement. A gutless namby-pambyism has come to characterize far too many Christians of this age, who naively and stupidly suppose that police departments are dispensable, that love can just take everything, and that our own enlightened (?) Then, may it never be overlooked that the established order in the civilized world, in spite of its deficiency, despite the inequalities and injustices, despite its halting and stumbling, is still far better than anarchy; and that, even if some complete overthrow of established institutions should occur, the new order, judged in the light of what history invariably discloses, would be no better than the old and would probably be much worse, especially when contrasted with the magnificent and benevolent policies already existing in our own beloved United States. Tons more resources, better tools, NIV84 and easier navigation. Some sleep the sleep of the sluggard (Proverbs 24:30-34). Keep it! This sense seems most suitable to the following verses, where the vices of the Gentiles are particularly specified; and they are exhorted to abandon them, and to receive the Gospel of Christ. Had the state and its institutions been otherwise than "ordained of God," it is unthinkable that Christ would have borrowed such illustrations and made them analogies for the conveyance of eternal truth. As he said, "I came not to destroy but to fulfill" (Matthew 5:17). A way of conveyance so ingenious and unexceptionable that even Nero himself, had this epistle fallen into his hands, could not fail of seeing his duty clearly stated, without finding any thing servile or flattering on the one hand, or offensive or disgusting on the other. These commandments do not nullify each other, because they speak of different things. Ye must needs be subject - Αναγκη, There is a necessity that ye should be subject, not only for wrath, δια την οργην, on account of the punishment which will be inflicted on evil doers, but also for conscience' sake; not only to avoid punishment, but also to preserve a clear conscience. He did not offer himself as an advocate against society on behalf of any so-called victim of social injustice; and, once, he even refused to aid a man who claimed that he had been robbed of his inheritance (Luke 12:13). We should stand in awe of those who wear the sword, and who are appointed to execute the laws of the land. It was not merely dawn, but daylight had fully burst upon them. on StudyLight.org For he is a minister of God to thee for good. It is such a background, therefore, which dramatizes Paul's instructions to Christians in this thirteenth chapter. Deeds that are becoming to Christians are those of virtue, integrity, faithfulness, purity, and love. The necessity of subjection, Romans 13:5. 89. Barmby observed that. To report dead links, typos, or html errors or suggestions about making these resources more useful use the convenient, Let every soul be subject unto the higher powers -, For rulers are not a terror to good works -, Wilt thou then not be afraid of the power? In this connection, a little further attention to Christ's teachings in this sector is helpful. In that exceptional passage, Paul made the "whole armour" to be the truth, or the gospel of salvation. Putting on , or being clothed with Jesus Christ, signifies receiving and believing the Gospel ; and consequently taking its maxims for the government of life, having the mind that was in Christ. Saul was a good moral man, but a bad prince, because he endeavored to act contrary to the Israelitish constitution: he changed some essential parts of that constitution, as I have elsewhere shown; (see the note on Acts 13:22;); he was therefore lawfully deposed. To say that such conduct does not become Christians must have been intended by the apostle as a meiosis, an understatement for the sake of emphasis. Home > Commentaries > People's New Testament > Romans > Chapter 7. Let our deportment be decent, orderly, and grave; such as we shall not be ashamed of in the eyes of the whole world. Jesus Christ was not a revolutionary in any sense of that word today. St. Chrysostom particularly mentions this as a common phrase, ὁ δεινα τον δεινα ενεδυσατο, such a one hath put on such a one; i.e. And wantonness - Ασελγειαις, All manner of uncleanness and sodomitical practices. Christians should love one another, Romans 13:8-10. The armor of light was available for all who would receive and wear it. Some sleep the sleep of presumption, like Samson upon the knees of Delilah. 7. This is profoundly true and means that the first and uppermost concern of God is that human hearts should indeed overflow with love to mankind, such love making it impossible that specific evil deeds in the social spectrum could be committed. It is also a state of inactivity. One of them reached for the New Testament to read it himself and said, "I do wish that everyone knew this." Government is thus elevated into the sphere of religion. Anyone familiar with this type of behavior will testify to its obscene, profane, and repulsive nature. In Romans 13:4, διάκονος is used for minister. The generality of the best critics think it a spurious reading. Jesus said, "My kingdom is not of this world" (John 18:36). Even in the piece-by-piece consideration of the armor, their intimate connection with and identity with the word of God is evident. Hence Rev., ministers of God's service. Romans 11:13 - But I am speaking to you who are Gentiles. Choose a verse from 'Romans 13' to begin your 'Verse-by-Verse' study of God's Word using the more than 100 commentaries available on StudyLight.org The problem of military service and participation as a soldier in any kind of a war is also related to the questions in focus here; and those desiring to know further scriptural teaching in that sector are referred to "The Ten Commandments, Yesterday and Today," chapter 8. That the Jews were in general an uneasy and seditious people is clear enough from every part of their own history. It was becoming of Christ to fulfill all righteousness (Matthew 3:15). Christ himself honored God's ordained institution, the state, ordered the payment of taxes to Caesar (Matthew 22:21), declared that the authority of the procurator, Pontius Pilate, was given to him "from above" (John 19:11), prophetically identified the armies of Vespasian and Titus as those of God himself sent for the purpose of destroying those evil men and burning their city, the city of Jerusalem (Matthew 22:7), submitted to arrest, even illegal and unjust arrest (Matthew 26:47-56), refused to allow Peter to defend with the sword against such an outrage, and meekly accepted the death penalty itself, which the state unjustly exacted, and which Christ had ample means of avoiding (Matthew 26:53), but did not. Not in rioting, and drunkenness - Μη κωμοις και μεθαις· Κωμος, rioting, according to Hesychius, signifies ασελγη ᾳσματα, πορνικα συμποσια, ῳδαι, unclean and dissolute songs, banquets, and such like. Romans 6:9 - knowing that Christ, having been raised from the dead, is never to die again; death no longer is master over Him. Also included links to commentaries, concordances, dictionaries, encyclopedia and lexicons. James the Second was a good moral man, as far as I can learn, but he was a bad and dangerous prince; he endeavored to alter, and essentially change the British constitution, both in Church and state, therefore he was lawfully deposed. The sleeper is doing nothing, all activity being suspended. Sorry but your search resulted in no verses being found. Death and destruction shall reward you if you turn your back upon the teachings of the Saviour and cast in your destiny with the seditionists. Some have expressed wonder at Paul's sandwiching such commandments as these in between two tender and beautiful admonitions on love; but Paul knew what he was doing, and did it in such a manner that none could mistake his intention or misunderstand his commands. Romans 13:13 - Let us behave properly as in the day, not in carousing and drunkenness, not in sexual promiscuity and sensuality, not in strife and jealousy. Love worketh no ill - As he that loves another will act towards that person as, on a reverse of circumstances, he would that his neighbor should act towards him; therefore, this love can never work ill towards another: and, on this head, i.e. Paul was saying that darkness was lifted a generation ago; the glorious daylight of the gospel is already shining. Render therefore to all their dues - This is an extensive command. Thus, all that was said of policemen in Romans 13:1-5 is likewise applied here to all servants and officers of the secular state. See several other examples in Kypke. The Adam Clarke Commentary. Many a soul has been lost while its possessor slept. If he should use this to wrong, rob, spoil, oppress, and persecute his subjects, he is not only a bad man, but also a bad prince. Subjection to civil governors inculcated, from the consideration that civil government is according to the ordinance of God; and that those who resist the lawfully constituted authorities shall receive condemnation, Romans 13:1, Romans 13:2. Putting on, or being clothed with Jesus Christ, signifies receiving and believing the Gospel; and consequently taking its maxims for the government of life, having the mind that was in Christ. Although it is true that his holy teachings had the profoundest influence upon the course of history, it was always as leaven and not as dynamite that his influence worked. Treat all official characters with respect, and be obedient to your superiors. 3. Home > Study Desk. the duty we owe to our neighbor, love is the fulfilling of the law. Paul had already mentioned (Romans 13:12) the new investiture of the Christian, calling it the armor of light; and here is a return to the same figure, only here it is Christ himself who is to be put on by the Christian. In after times, and to the present day, he does that by a general superintending providence which he did before by especial designation. The mode of speech itself is taken from the custom of stage players: they assumed the name and garments of the person whose character they were to act, and endeavored as closely as possible to imitate him in their spirit, words, and actions. (Romans 13:1). I answer, No: if he rule according to the constitution, nothing can justify rebellion against his authority. In our own beloved America today, those people who are flirting with revolutionary schemes, if they should ever have their way, shall certainly overwhelm themselves and their posterity with sorrows, and far from attaining any worthy goals, will reap a gory harvest of tragedy and disappointment. Eutychus fell out the third-story window during one of Paul's sermons and was taken up for dead; but Paul said, "His life is in him." True, the Decalogue says, "Thou shalt not kill" (Exodus 20:13); but the same God who said that also said, "Thou shalt surely kill him" (Numbers 15:35). The day is at hand - the full manifestation of the Sun of righteousness, in the illumination of the whole Gentile world approaches rapidly. 'Therefore, let us cast off - let us live as candidates for this eternal glory. This applies to all commandments of a social or man-ward nature. Further, it is a state of illusion, the dreamer and the sleeper being identical as to their state. Not Yet a Member? If those called Christians at Rome were guilty of such acts, there could be no difference except in profession, between them and the most abominable of the heathens. More resources, better tools and easier navigation Test drive it and tell us about your experience. Being part of the institution "ordained of God," which is the state, they partake of the dignity and authority pertaining to it, and are entitled to obedience, respect, courtesy, honor, and the cooperation of all Christians, who, in the discharge of such obligations, are doing so "as unto the Lord," and not "as unto men," for such is the commandment of the scriptures. It reaches out to destroy; it tosses to and fro; but people give no heed. Romans 1:13 - I do not want you to be unaware, brethren, that often I have planned to come to you (and have been prevented so far) so that I may obtain some fruit among you also, even as among the rest of the Gentiles. As Moule said. Strife and jealousy ... refer to the animosities of men inflamed with liquor, sated with vice, and living the lives of debauchees. I may just observe, that notwithstanding his long reign has been a reign of unparalleled troubles and commotions in the world, in which his empire has always been involved, yet, never did useful arts, ennobling sciences, and pure religion gain a more decided and general ascendancy: and much of this, under God, is owing to the manner in which this king has lived, and the encouragement he invariably gave to whatever had a tendency to promote the best interests of his people. "I know! These are they who are going to be saved tomorrow, who plan to stir themselves in a convenient season, who fully intend to obey the Lord, but not now. Cast off the works of darkness - prepare to meet this rising light, and welcome its approach, by throwing aside superstition, impiety, and vice of every kind: and put on the armor of light - fully receive the heavenly teaching, by which your spirits will be as completely armed against the attacks of evil as your bodies could be by the best weapons and impenetrable armor. Kypke on this place has quoted some good authorities for the above distinction and signification. For this cause ye pay tribute also; for they are ministers of God's service, attending continually upon this very thing. Test drive it and tell us about your experience. do that which is good, and thou shalt have praise from the same. Let all hear it from the word of God, if they are so blind as to be unable to read it in history, that the policeman also is God's man, and that without him there is nothing. In all nations of the earth there is what may be called a constitution - a plan by which a particular country or state is governed; and this constitution is less or more calculated to promote the interests of the community. [3] William M. Greathouse, Beacon Bible Commentary (Kansas City, Missouri: Beacon Hill Press, 1969), p. 253. Click the Bible for the all new StudyLight.org!! They ever stand, electric, upon the sacred page: Nearer than when we first believed ... is far from being a statement that it was, even at that time, "near" in the sense of soon. holiness unto God. Capital punishment is clearly allowed to be a legitimate prerogative of human government, by Paul's statements here. The civil governor, whether he be elective or hereditary, agrees to govern according to that constitution. Owe no man anything, save to love one another: for he that loveth his neighbor hath fulfilled the law. For he is the minister of God, a revenger - Θεοῦ διακονος εστιν εκδικος, For he is God's vindictive minister, to execute wrath; εις οργην, to inflict punishment upon the transgressors of the law; and this according to the statutes of that law; for God's civil ministers are never allowed to pronounce or inflict punishment according to their own minds or feeling, but according to the express declarations of the law. There are other commands which spring out of the love of God, this dual direction of human obligation being demonstrated in the fact of there having been two tables of the Decalogue. Fear - See Romans 13:4. Of such, one can hear the Master say, "What, could ye not watch with me one hour?". Owe no man any thing, but to love one another - In the preceding verses the apostle has been showing the duty, reverence, and obedience, which all Christians, from the highest to the lowest, owe to the civil magistrate; whether he be emperor, king, proconsul, or other state officer; here he shows them their duty to each other: but this is widely different from that which they owe to the civil government: to the first they owe subjection, reverence, obedience, and tribute; to the latter they owe nothing but mutual love, and those offices which necessarily spring from it. Deliverance from the persecutions, etc., with which they were then afflicted, is supposed by others to be the meaning of the apostle. Μεθαις signifies drunken festivals, such as were celebrated in honor of their gods, when after they had sacrificed (μετα το θυειν, Suidas) they drank to excess, accompanied with abominable acts of every kind. For this, Thou shalt not commit adultery - He that loves another will not deprive him of his wife, of his life, of his property, of his good name; and will not even permit a desire to enter into his heart which would lead him to wish to possess any thing that is the property of another: for the law - the sacred Scripture, has said: Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself. People tire of the ceaseless struggle, become worn out with the dull routine, and, numbed by the deadly monotony, they fall asleep; but, while they nod Judas is making a deal with the high priest; and, in a little while, the soldiers will appear to lead the Lord away. A thousand examples from history could be brought forward to show what a disastrous thing sleep may be. Was it because they did not care for injustices under such evil rulers as Nero? That some laws were unjust was clear to all; but Paul sent a runaway slave back to his Christian master (Philemon 1:1:17), and provided specific instructions to both masters and slaves in his epistles to Ephesus and Colossae. What a perfect picture is that of a man who will not face reality! Both Paul (here) and Peter (1 Peter 2:13-17) emphatically underscored this teaching. There was a man who knew all the dangers, but slept anyway. ii., page 307. Implications of the Christian attitude toward the state are far-reaching and include the deduction that Christians may serve in military or political capacity, vote, and engage freely in the participation allowed and encouraged by the state itself, the only restriction being that conscience, being under God above all, should not be defiled. The great apostle Paul was proud of his Roman citizenship, invoked its protection, and refused to pay a bribe to Felix, despite the fact that a bribe was solicited and would have procured his release from prison. That Paul consciously followed the teachings of the Master throughout is observable in several particulars, as noted by Lenski: This passage does not teach that if one loves his neighbor he has license to break any of the commandments, but that truly loving one's neighbor will positively restrain from any sinful action against one's neighbor. Since the execution of their office is suited to excite “fear,” we should render to them that reverence which is appropriate to the execution of their function. "Worthy of" (Philippians 1:27) and "befitting" (Titus 2:1) are two examples. Jesus Christ our Lord never disobeyed any law, nor did he ever advocate disobedience, or any other kind of disobedience. Paul himself was mistaken for the leader of an insurrection by the military tribune himself (Acts 21:38); and thus, it was extremely important that Christian behavior should conform to a strict pattern of respect and submission to the lawful government. For he is the minister of God to thee for good - Here the apostle puts the character of the ruler in the strongest possible light. When the ruler acts thus he dissolves the compact between him and his people; his authority is no longer binding, because illegal; and it is illegal because he is acting contrary to the laws of that constitution, according to which, on being raised to the supreme power, he promised to govern. The spiritual counterpart of this is seen everywhere. The common method of explanation is this: The night is far spent - our present imperfect life, full of afflictions, temptations, and trials, is almost run out; the day of eternal blessedness is at hand - is about to dawn on us in our glorious resurrection unto eternal life. Romans 6:14-20 The dispensation of grace freeth us from the dominion. The Jewish people preferred Barabbas the seditionist to the gentle Jesus; but it must be added that when they finally got the revolution they wanted, it terminated in a situation far worse than what existed previously. The preeminent consideration is that of pleasing God, as Peter expressed it, "Obey every ordinance of man, for the Lord's sake" (1 Peter 2:13). Humanity will never find a way to eliminate such a penalty completely, because it is the threat of death alone which enables policemen to apprehend and capture perpetrators of crime. He went aboard a ship putting out to sea, descended into the hold of the vessel and went to sleep. The manifestation of the Messiah is regularly termed by the ancient Jews יום yom, day, because previously to this all is night, Bereshith rabba sect. Choose a verse from 'Romans 3' to begin your 'Verse-by-Verse' study of God's Word using the more than 100 commentaries available on StudyLight.org Let every soul be subject unto the higher powers - This is a very strong saying, and most solemnly introduced; and we must consider the apostle as speaking, not from his own private judgment, or teaching a doctrine of present expediency, but declaring the mind of God on a subject of the utmost importance to the peace of the world; a doctrine which does not exclusively belong to any class of people, order of the community, or official situations, but to every soul; and, on the principles which the apostle lays down, to every soul in all possible varieties of situation, and on all occasions. It must be allowed, notwithstanding, that when a prince, howsoever heedful to the laws, is unrighteous in private life, his example is contagious; morality, banished from the throne, is discountenanced by the community; and happiness is diminished in proportion to the increase of vice. There is no ground for supposing that Paul was ignorant to the point of confusing the judicial coming with the final coming. Their philosophers taught them little else; and the whole circle of their deities, as well as the whole scheme of their religion, served only to excite and inflame such passions, and produce such practices. with Christ unto sin, that we may lead a new life of. But put ye on the Lord Jesus Christ, and make no provision for the flesh, to fulfill the lusts thereof. 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